# Controlled on-chip fabrication of large-scale perovskite single crystal arrays for high-performance laser and photodetector integration

## TL;DR

Researchers developed a method to precisely fabricate large-scale perovskite single crystal arrays on a chip, enabling high-performance lasers and photodetectors.

## Contribution

A novel space confinement and antisolvent-assisted crystallization method for on-chip fabrication of perovskite single crystal arrays.

## Key findings

- The method allows fabrication of perovskite single crystal arrays over 100 square centimeters with precise control.
- Crystal pixels function as high-quality WGM microcavities with a quality factor of 2915 and low threshold.
- A vertical photodetector array was demonstrated with stable photoswitching and pattern imaging capabilities.

## Abstract

Metal halide perovskites possess intriguing optoelectronic properties, however, the lack of precise control of on-chip fabrication of the large-scale perovskite single crystal arrays restricts its application in integrated devices. Here, we report a space confinement and antisolvent-assisted crystallization method for the homogeneous perovskite single crystal arrays spanning 100 square centimeter areas. This method enables precise control over the crystal arrays, including different array shapes and resolutions with less than 10%-pixel position variation, tunable pixel dimensions from 2 to 8 μm as well as the in-plane rotation of each pixel. The crystal pixel could serve as a high-quality whispering gallery mode (WGM) microcavity with a quality factor of 2915 and a threshold of 4.14 μJ cm−2. Through directly on-chip fabrication on the patterned electrodes, a vertical structured photodetector array is demonstrated with stable photoswitching behavior and the capability to image the input patterns, indicating the potential application in the integrated systems of this method.