# DNA-Aeon provides flexible arithmetic coding for constraint adherence and error correction in DNA storage

## TL;DR

DNA-Aeon is a new DNA storage system that ensures data is stored reliably by correcting errors and following specific DNA sequence rules.

## Contribution

DNA-Aeon introduces a flexible coding scheme that corrects multiple error types while adhering to user-defined DNA sequence constraints.

## Key findings

- DNA-Aeon outperforms other codes in error correction with similar redundancy levels and lower synthesis costs.
- In-vitro tests show DNA-Aeon is highly reliable even with uneven sequencing read distributions and high read-dropout.
- The system supports variable-sized sequences with customizable GC content and homopolymer length limitations.

## Abstract

The extensive information capacity of DNA, coupled with decreasing costs for DNA synthesis and sequencing, makes DNA an attractive alternative to traditional data storage. The processes of writing, storing, and reading DNA exhibit specific error profiles and constraints DNA sequences have to adhere to. We present DNA-Aeon, a concatenated coding scheme for DNA data storage. It supports the generation of variable-sized encoded sequences with a user-defined Guanine-Cytosine (GC) content, homopolymer length limitation, and the avoidance of undesired motifs. It further enables users to provide custom codebooks adhering to further constraints. DNA-Aeon can correct substitution errors, insertions, deletions, and the loss of whole DNA strands. Comparisons with other codes show better error-correction capabilities of DNA-Aeon at similar redundancy levels with decreased DNA synthesis costs. In-vitro tests indicate high reliability of DNA-Aeon even in the case of skewed sequencing read distributions and high read-dropout.

The extensive information capacity of DNA makes it an attractive alternative to traditional data storage. DNA-Aeon is a DNA data storage solution that can correct all error types commonly observed in DNA storage, while encoding data into sequences that meet user-defined constraints such as GC content, homopolymer length, and no undesired motifs.