Obesity-Induced Brain Neuroinflammatory and Mitochondrial Changes

Luisa O. Schmitt; Joana M. Gaspar

PMC · DOI:10.3390/metabo13010086·January 5, 2023·90 cites

Obesity-Induced Brain Neuroinflammatory and Mitochondrial Changes

Luisa O. Schmitt, Joana M. Gaspar

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Open Access

TL;DR

This review explains how obesity causes brain inflammation and mitochondrial issues, which may lead to cognitive decline and neurodegenerative problems.

Contribution

The paper reviews how obesity and high-fat diets affect brain neuroinflammation and mitochondrial function, linking metabolic issues to cognitive decline.

Findings

01

Obesity causes chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue, which may contribute to brain disorders.

02

Mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain is linked to obesity-related inflammation and oxidative stress.

03

Neuronal damage and cognitive decline may result from impaired mitochondrial activity due to obesity.

Abstract

Obesity is defined as abnormal and excessive fat accumulation, and it is a risk factor for developing metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive deficits. Obesity is caused by an imbalance in energy homeostasis resulting from increased caloric intake associated with a sedentary lifestyle. However, the entire physiopathology linking obesity with neurodegeneration and cognitive decline has not yet been elucidated. During the progression of obesity, adipose tissue undergoes immune, metabolic, and functional changes that induce chronic low-grade inflammation. It has been proposed that inflammatory processes may participate in both the peripheral disorders and brain disorders associated with obesity, including the development of cognitive deficits. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction is related to inflammation and oxidative stress, causing cellular oxidative damage.…

Linked entities

Genes, proteins, chemicals, diseases, species, mutations and cell lines named across the full text — each resolved to its canonical identifier and authoritative record.

Genes40

Nlrp3 Sirt1 Socs3 Tlr4 H2 Nup62 Tnf Il1b Pomc Fis1 Nfkb1 Glrx Tlr4 Pink1 Ptgs2 Il1b Il6 Tnf Dnm1l Nfkbia Lep Ikbkb Ndufs4 Agrp Gfap Ndufs5 Mfn2 Lepr Sirt3 Glrx2 Dpp4 Il6 Iba1 Map3k7 Jun Mff Cat Opa1 Mfn1 Ppargc1a

Proteins24

Species3

Mus musculus(house mouse · species)Rattus norvegicus(brown rat · species)Homo sapiens(human · species)

Chemicals37

Diseases50

obesity Hypothalamic Neuroinflammation injury to people or property dementia brain diseases metabolic dysmetabolism hippocampal alterations metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases noncommunicable diseases astrogliosis chronic inflammation disorders Obese vascular dementia Insulin resistance type 2 diabetes cerebral energy gain neuronal apoptosis brain atrophy adiposity cognitive failure endothelial dysfunction deficits in learning and memory neuronal damage 3xTg-AD metabolic and neurological conditions memory dysfunction Diabetes Weight loss synaptic dysfunction musculoskeletal disease Brain Neuroinflammatory metabolic and cardiovascular diseases premature death Dysfunctional mitochondria cognitive alterations metabolic disease cerebral hypersensitivity brain injury cancer neurotoxicity neuronal dysfunction function Mitochondrial brain damage overweight type 1 diabetes neuronal damage and dysfunction Depressive executive dysfunction

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Taxonomy

TopicsNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms · Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases · Adipose Tissue and Metabolism