# A Bioactive Substance Derived from Brown Seaweeds: Phlorotannins **Authors:** Hongli Zheng, Yanan Zhao, Lei Guo PMC · DOI: 10.3390/md20120742 · 2022-11-26 ## TL;DR This paper reviews phlorotannins, natural compounds from brown algae with various health benefits, and their potential uses in medicine, food, and cosmetics. ## Contribution The paper provides a comprehensive review of phlorotannins' extraction, separation, and biological activities. ## Key findings - Phlorotannins exhibit antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities. - They are primarily used in medicine, food, and cosmetics due to their diverse biological functions. - The paper highlights recent advances in the extraction and separation technologies of phlorotannins. ## Abstract Phlorotannins are a type of natural active substance extracted from brown algae, which belong to a type of important plant polyphenol. Phloroglucinol is the basic unit in its structure. Phlorotannins have a wide range of biological activities, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-tumor, anti-hypertensive, hypoglycemic, whitening, anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory, etc. Phlorotannins are mainly used in the fields of medicine, food and cosmetics. This paper reviews the research progress of extraction, separation technology and biological activity of phlorotannins, which will help the scientific community investigate the greater biological significance of phlorotannins. ## Linked entities - **Chemicals:** Phloroglucinol (PubChem CID 359) ## Full-text entities - **Genes:** MSTN (myostatin) [NCBI Gene 2660] {aka GDF8, MSLHP}, FCER1A (Fc epsilon receptor Ia) [NCBI Gene 2205] {aka FCE1A, FCERIA, FcERI}, Trp2 (tRNA proline 2) [NCBI Gene 104042] {aka Trp-2}, RAC1 (Rac family small GTPase 1) [NCBI Gene 5879] {aka MIG5, MRD48, Rac-1, TC-25, p21-Rac1}, TNF (tumor necrosis factor) [NCBI Gene 7124] {aka DIF, IMD127, TNF-alpha, TNFA, TNFSF2, TNLG1F}, OGA (O-GlcNAcase) [NCBI Gene 10724] {aka MEA5, MGEA5, NCOAT}, ACHE (acetylcholinesterase (Yt blood group)) [NCBI Gene 43] {aka ACEE, ARACHE, N-ACHE, YT}, Mmp13 (matrix metallopeptidase 13) [NCBI Gene 171052], Mmp1 (matrix metallopeptidase 1) [NCBI Gene 300339] {aka Clgn, MMP-1, Mmp1a}, IGHE (immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon) [NCBI Gene 3497] {aka IgE}, TYRP1 (tyrosinase related protein 1) [NCBI Gene 7306] {aka CAS2, CATB, GP75, OCA3, TRP, TRP1}, SI (sucrase-isomaltase) [NCBI Gene 6476], BCHE (butyrylcholinesterase) [NCBI Gene 590] {aka BCHED, CHE1, CHE2, E1}, Fdxr (ferredoxin reductase) [NCBI Gene 79122] {aka AR}, ACE (angiotensin I converting enzyme) [NCBI Gene 1636] {aka ACE1, CD143, DCP, DCP1}, Il1b (interleukin 1 beta) [NCBI Gene 24494] {aka IL-1F2}, AKR1B1 (aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B) [NCBI Gene 231] {aka ADR, ALDR1, ALR2, AR}, Akt1 (AKT serine/threonine kinase 1) [NCBI Gene 24185] {aka Akt}, PTGDS (prostaglandin D2 synthase) [NCBI Gene 5730] {aka L-PGDS, LPGDS, PDS, PGD2, PGDS, PGDS2}, PTK2 (protein tyrosine kinase 2) [NCBI Gene 5747] {aka FADK, FADK 1, FAK, FAK1, FRNK, PPP1R71}, EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) [NCBI Gene 1956] {aka ERBB, ERBB1, ERRP, HER1, NISBD2, NNCIS}, APP (amyloid beta precursor protein) [NCBI Gene 351] {aka AAA, ABETA, ABPP, AD1, APPI, CTFgamma}, INS (insulin) [NCBI Gene 3630] {aka IDDM, IDDM1, IDDM2, ILPR, IRDN, MODY10}, COX2 (COXII) [NCBI Gene 26198] {aka COII}, TYR (tyrosinase) [NCBI Gene 7299] {aka ATN, CMM8, OCA1, OCA1A, OCAIA, SHEP3}, Sis (sucrase isomaltase) [NCBI Gene 69983] {aka 2010204N08Rik, SI, Si-s}, FN1 (fibronectin 1) [NCBI Gene 2335] {aka CIG, ED-B, FINC, FN, FNZ, GFND}, MMP13 (matrix metallopeptidase 13) [NCBI Gene 4322] {aka CLG3, MANDP1, MDST, MMP-13}, Egfr (epidermal growth factor receptor) [NCBI Gene 24329] {aka ERBB1, ErbB-1, Errp}, DCT (dopachrome tautomerase) [NCBI Gene 1638] {aka OCA8, TRP-2, TYRP2}, CDH1 (cadherin 1) [NCBI Gene 999] {aka Arc-1, BCDS1, CD324, CDHE, ECAD, LCAM}, NFKB1 (nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1) [NCBI Gene 4790] {aka CVID12, EBP-1, KBF1, NF-kB, NF-kB1, NF-kappa-B1}, CRP (C-reactive protein) [NCBI Gene 1401] {aka PTX1}, Tyr (tyrosinase) [NCBI Gene 22173] {aka Oca1, albino, c, skc35}, App (amyloid beta precursor protein) [NCBI Gene 11820] {aka Abeta, Abpp, Adap, Ag, Cvap, E030013M08Rik}, PPARG (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma) [NCBI Gene 5468] {aka CIMT1, FPLD3, GLM1, NR1C3, PPARG1, PPARG2}, Bcl2 (BCL2, apoptosis regulator) [NCBI Gene 24224] {aka Bcl-2}, Mmp3 (matrix metallopeptidase 3) [NCBI Gene 171045] {aka MMP-3, SL-1}, Tnf (tumor necrosis factor) [NCBI Gene 24835] {aka RATTNF, TNF-alpha, Tnfa}, MMP2 (matrix metallopeptidase 2) [NCBI Gene 4313] {aka CLG4, CLG4A, MMP-2, MMP-II, MONA, TBE-1}, Bax (BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator) [NCBI Gene 24887], Bace1 (beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1) [NCBI Gene 23821] {aka ASP2, Bace}, IGF1 (insulin like growth factor 1) [NCBI Gene 3479] {aka IGF, IGF-I, IGFI, MGF}, MMP9 (matrix metallopeptidase 9) [NCBI Gene 4318] {aka CLG4B, GELB, MANDP2, MMP-9}, MMP1 (matrix metallopeptidase 1) [NCBI Gene 4312] {aka CLG} - **Diseases:** AD (MESH:D003876), cerebrovascular disease (MESH:D002561), necrosis (MESH:D009336), COVID-19 (MESH:D000086382), -cancer (MESH:D009369), neurotoxicity (MESH:D020258), narcolepsy (MESH:D009290), metabolic disorders (MESH:D008659), asthma (MESH:D001249), virus (MESH:D014777), articular diseases (MESH:D057072), Diabetic (MESH:D003920), weight loss (MESH:D015431), constipation (MESH:D003248), liver damage (MESH:D056486), Hypercholesterolemia (MESH:D006937), plaques (MESH:D003773), colorectal adenocarcinoma (MESH:D003110), ovarian cancer (MESH:D010051), macrophage leukemia (MESH:D007938), diabetes mellitus type 2 (MESH:D003924), atherosclerosis (MESH:D050197), allergic rhinitis (MESH:D065631), condition (MESH:D020763), sarcoma (MESH:D012509), inflammation (MESH:D007249), gastric cancer (MESH:D013274), Pain (MESH:D010146), Carcinogenesis (MESH:D063646), wrinkle (MESH:D019773), rapid eye movement sleep (MESH:D020187), liver (MESH:D017093), central nervous system diseases (MESH:D002493), heart failure (MESH:D006333), kidney (MESH:D007674), tumor necrosis factor (MESH:C536657), hyperlipidemia (MESH:D006949), overweight (MESH:D050177), allergic (MESH:D004342), osteosarcoma (MESH:D012516), malaria (MESH:D008288), food allergies (MESH:D005512), cognitive dysfunction (MESH:D003072), Cytotoxicity (MESH:D064420), cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (MESH:D002318), hypertension (MESH:D006973), Alzheimer's (MESH:D000544), neuroinflammation (MESH:D000090862), neuronal dysfunction, degeneration (MESH:D009410), inflammatory cytokines (MESH:D000080424), inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract (MESH:D005770), heart attack (MESH:D009203), colorectal (MESH:D015179), coronary heart disease (MESH:D003327), Obesity (MESH:D009765), SARS (MESH:D045169), Induces inflammatory arthritis AS03 (MESH:D001168), EAE (MESH:D021081), AIDS (MESH:D000163), hypoglycemic (MESH:C000721848) - **Species:** Phaeophyceae (brown algae, class) [taxon 2870], Cystoseira compressa (species) [taxon 590111], Lessonia nigrescens (species) [taxon 209404], Saccharina japonica (species) [taxon 88149], Bifurcaria bifurcata (species) [taxon 74462], Codium tomentosum (species) [taxon 713099], Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606], Polycladia myrica [taxon 2849061], H1N1 subtype (serotype) [taxon 114727], Sargassum thunbergii (species) [taxon 127542], Undaria pinnatifida (species) [taxon 74381], Fucus evanescens (species) [taxon 87147], Fucus vesiculosus (species) [taxon 49266], Rattus norvegicus (brown rat, species) [taxon 10116], Carpophyllum flexuosum (species) [taxon 1216923], Sargassum horneri (species) [taxon 74089], Sargassum muticum (Japanese wireweed, species) [taxon 74468], Eisenia bicyclis (species) [taxon 6395], Gallus gallus (bantam, species) [taxon 9031], Halocynthia roretzi (species) [taxon 7729], Chorda filum (species) [taxon 64905], Ecklonia cava (species) [taxon 105407], Ecklonia kurome [taxon 399530], Silvetia siliquosa (species) [taxon 93837], Costaria costata (seersucker kelp, species) [taxon 2872], Candida albicans (species) [taxon 5476], Aspergillus (genus) [taxon 5052], Fucus spiralis (species) [taxon 87149], PX clade (clade) [taxon 569578], Ciona savignyi (Pacific transparent sea squirt, species) [taxon 51511], Ascophyllum nodosum (species) [taxon 52969], Arthrodermataceae (dermatophytes, family) [taxon 34384], Ecklonia arborea (species) [taxon 1849970], Carpophyllum plumosum (species) [taxon 1216922], Sargassum miyabei (species) [taxon 126853], Ecklonia stolonifera [taxon 169768], Saccharina cichorioides (species) [taxon 416834], Macrocystis pyrifera (giant kelp, species) [taxon 35122], Ecklonia maxima (species) [taxon 428677], Sargassum swartzii (species) [taxon 548578], Sargassum fusiforme (species) [taxon 590727], Mus musculus (house mouse, species) [taxon 10090], Vibrio parahaemolyticus (species) [taxon 670], Pseudomonas aeruginosa (species) [taxon 287], Canis lupus familiaris (dog, subspecies) [taxon 9615], H9N2 subtype (serotype) [taxon 102796], Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (no rank) [taxon 694009], Laminaria ochroleuca (species) [taxon 90902], Ulva armoricana (species) [taxon 216035], Gammacoronavirus (genus) [taxon 694013], Caenorhabditis elegans (species) [taxon 6239], Sargassum carpophyllum (species) [taxon 126577] - **Cell lines:** HepG2 — Homo sapiens (Human), Hepatoblastoma, Cancer cell line (CVCL_0027), B16F10 — Mus musculus (Mouse), Mouse melanoma, Cancer cell line (CVCL_0159), Caco-2 — Homo sapiens (Human), Colon adenocarcinoma, Cancer cell line (CVCL_0025), MG-63 — Homo sapiens (Human), Osteosarcoma, Cancer cell line (CVCL_0426), HT-29 — Homo sapiens (Human), Colon adenocarcinoma, Cancer cell line (CVCL_0320), EA.hy926 — Homo sapiens (Human), Hybrid cell line (CVCL_3901), Madin — Bos taurus (Bovine), Spontaneously immortalized cell line (CVCL_0421), DLD-1 — Homo sapiens (Human), Colon adenocarcinoma, Cancer cell line (CVCL_0248), RBL)-2H3 — Rattus norvegicus (Rat), Rat leukemia, Cancer cell line (CVCL_0496), 3T3-L1 — Mus musculus (Mouse), Spontaneously immortalized cell line (CVCL_0123), SW872 liposarcoma — Homo sapiens (Human), Liposarcoma, Cancer cell line (CVCL_1730), PC12 — Rattus norvegicus (Rat), Rat adrenal gland pheochromocytoma, Cancer cell line (CVCL_0481), C2C12 — Mus musculus (Mouse), Spontaneously immortalized cell line (CVCL_0188), MKN-28 — Homo sapiens (Human), Gastric tubular adenocarcinoma, Cancer cell line (CVCL_1416), SKOV3 — Homo sapiens (Human), Ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma, Cancer cell line (CVCL_0532), HT-1080 — Homo sapiens (Human), Fibrosarcoma, Cancer cell line (CVCL_0317), canine — Canis lupus familiaris (Dog), Canine mammary carcinoma, Cancer cell line (CVCL_X218), MDCK — Canis lupus familiaris (Dog), Spontaneously immortalized cell line (CVCL_0422) ## Figures 3 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC9785976/full.md --- Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC9785976