# High-Throughput Glycomic Methods

**Authors:** Irena Trbojević-Akmačić, Guinevere S. M. Lageveen-Kammeijer, Bram Heijs, Tea Petrović, Helena Deriš, Manfred Wuhrer, Gordan Lauc

PMC · DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01031 · 2022-07-07

## TL;DR

This paper reviews high-throughput methods for analyzing glycans, focusing on their role in understanding glycosylation processes in health and disease.

## Contribution

The paper highlights recent advancements and challenges in high-throughput glycomics, particularly for N-glycosylation analysis.

## Key findings

- High-throughput glycomics enables the analysis of hundreds or thousands of glycomes efficiently.
- N-glycosylation is a focal point in current high-throughput glycomic profiling.
- Applications include deciphering glycosylation processes in healthy and disease states.

## Abstract

Glycomics aims to identify the structure and function
of the glycome,
the complete set of oligosaccharides (glycans), produced in a given
cell or organism, as well as to identify genes and other factors that
govern glycosylation. This challenging endeavor requires highly robust,
sensitive, and potentially automatable analytical technologies for
the analysis of hundreds or thousands of glycomes in a timely manner
(termed high-throughput glycomics). This review provides a historic
overview as well as highlights recent developments and challenges
of glycomic profiling by the most prominent high-throughput glycomic
approaches, with N-glycosylation analysis as the
focal point. It describes the current state-of-the-art regarding levels
of characterization and most widely used technologies, selected applications
of high-throughput glycomics in deciphering glycosylation process
in healthy and disease states, as well as future perspectives.

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** B4GALT1 (beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1) [NCBI Gene 2683] {aka B4GAL-T1, CDG2D, CLDLFIB, GGTB2, GT1, GTB}, IL6ST (interleukin 6 cytokine family signal transducer) [NCBI Gene 3572] {aka CD130, CDW130, GP130, HIES4, HIES4A, HIES4B}, ABCF2 (ATP binding cassette subfamily F member 2) [NCBI Gene 10061] {aka ABC28, EST133090, HUSSY-18, HUSSY18}, CHCHD10 (coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 10) [NCBI Gene 400916] {aka C22orf16, FTDALS2, IMMD, MIX17A, N27C7-4, SMAJ}, HNF1A (HNF1 homeobox A) [NCBI Gene 6927] {aka HNF-1-alpha, HNF-1A, HNF1, HNF1alpha, IDDM20, LFB1}, MUC16 (mucin 16, cell surface associated) [NCBI Gene 94025] {aka CA125}, ST6GAL1 (ST6 beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1) [NCBI Gene 6480] {aka CDw75, SIAT1, ST6GalI, ST6N}, SLC9A9 (solute carrier family 9 member A9) [NCBI Gene 285195] {aka AUTS16, NHE9}, MGAT5 (alpha-1,6-mannosylglycoprotein 6-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase) [NCBI Gene 4249] {aka GNT-V, GNT-VA, MGAT5A, glcNAc-T V}, ANKRD55 (ankyrin repeat domain 55) [NCBI Gene 79722], PGM1 (phosphoglucomutase 1) [NCBI Gene 5236] {aka CDG1T, GSD14}, ALG2 (ALG2 alpha-1,3/1,6-mannosyltransferase) [NCBI Gene 85365] {aka CDG1I, CDGIi, CMS14, CMSTA3, NET38, hALPG2}, IGKV2-24 (immunoglobulin kappa variable 2-24) [NCBI Gene 28923] {aka A23, IGKV224}, GALNT5 (polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 5) [NCBI Gene 11227] {aka GALNAC-T5, GALNACT5}, FCGR3A (Fc gamma receptor IIIa) [NCBI Gene 2214] {aka CD16-II, CD16A, FCG3, FCGR3, FCRIIIA, FcGRIIIA}, KLK3 (kallikrein related peptidase 3) [NCBI Gene 354] {aka APS, KLK2A1, PSA, hK3}, CRP (C-reactive protein) [NCBI Gene 1401] {aka PTX1}, MAN1C1 (mannosidase alpha class 1C member 1) [NCBI Gene 57134] {aka HMIC, MAN1A3, MAN1C, pp6318}, CD79A (CD79a molecule) [NCBI Gene 973] {aka IGA, IGAlpha, MB-1, MB1}, SMARCB1 (SWI/SNF related BAF chromatin remodeling complex subunit B1) [NCBI Gene 6598] {aka BAF47, CSS3, INI-1, INI1, MRD15, PPP1R144}, PSG2 (pregnancy specific beta-1-glycoprotein 2) [NCBI Gene 5670] {aka CEA, PSBG2, PSG1}, FUT3 (fucosyltransferase 3 (Lewis blood group)) [NCBI Gene 2525] {aka CD174, FT3B, FucT-III, LE, Les}, B3GAT1 (beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1) [NCBI Gene 27087] {aka CD57, GLCATP, GLCUATP, HNK1, LEU7, NK-1}, PLAT (plasminogen activator, tissue type) [NCBI Gene 5327] {aka T-PA, TPA}, ST3GAL4 (ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 4) [NCBI Gene 6484] {aka CGS23, NANTA3, SAT3, SIAT4, SIAT4C, ST-4}, FUT6 (fucosyltransferase 6) [NCBI Gene 2528] {aka FCT3A, FT1A, Fuc-TVI, FucT-VI}, FUT2 (fucosyltransferase 2 (H blood group)) [NCBI Gene 2524] {aka B12QTL1, SE, SEC2, Se2, sej}, MUC1 (mucin 1, cell surface associated) [NCBI Gene 4582] {aka ADMCKD, ADMCKD1, ADTKD2, CA 15-3, CD227, Ca15-3}, HP (haptoglobin) [NCBI Gene 3240] {aka HP2ALPHA2, HPA1S}, IKZF1 (IKAROS family zinc finger 1) [NCBI Gene 10320] {aka CVID13, Hs.54452, IK1, IKAROS, LYF1, LyF-1}, IGHG3 (immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 3 (G3m marker)) [NCBI Gene 3502] {aka IgG3}, KMT5B (lysine methyltransferase 5B) [NCBI Gene 51111] {aka CGI-85, CGI85, MRD51, SUV420H1}, TMEM121 (transmembrane protein 121) [NCBI Gene 80757] {aka TMEM121A, hhole, hole}, MGAT3 (beta-1,4-mannosyl-glycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase) [NCBI Gene 4248] {aka GNT-III, GNT3}, SMARCD3 (SWI/SNF related BAF chromatin remodeling complex subunit D3) [NCBI Gene 6604] {aka BAF60C, CRACD3, Rsc6p}, EEF1A2 (eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2) [NCBI Gene 1917] {aka DEE33, EEF1AL, EF-1-alpha-2, EF1A, EIEE33, HS1}, PLG (plasminogen) [NCBI Gene 5340] {aka HAE4}, DERL3 (derlin 3) [NCBI Gene 91319] {aka C22orf14, IZP6, LLN2, derlin-3}, NEU1 (neuraminidase 1) [NCBI Gene 4758] {aka NANH, NEU, SIAL1}, ALB (albumin) [NCBI Gene 213] {aka FDAHT, HSA, PRO0883, PRO0903, PRO1341}, FUT8 (fucosyltransferase 8) [NCBI Gene 2530] {aka CDGF, CDGF1}, GCG (glucagon) [NCBI Gene 2641] {aka GLP-1, GLP1, GLP2, GRPP}, AFP (alpha fetoprotein) [NCBI Gene 174] {aka AFPD, FETA, HPAFP}, CD44 (CD44 molecule (IN blood group)) [NCBI Gene 960] {aka CDW44, CSPG8, ECM-III, ECMR-III, H-CAM, HCELL}, Igh-V7183 (immunoglobulin heavy chain (V7183 family)) [NCBI Gene 16059] {aka B9-scFv, IgG, IgH, IgVH1(VSG), VH7183, VI24H}, TF (transferrin) [NCBI Gene 7018] {aka HEL-S-71p, PRO1557, PRO2086, TFQTL1}, PRRC2A (proline rich coiled-coil 2A) [NCBI Gene 7916] {aka BAT2, D6S51, D6S51E, G2}, RUNX3 (RUNX family transcription factor 3) [NCBI Gene 864] {aka AML2, CBFA3, PEBP2aC}, IGKV6-21 (immunoglobulin kappa variable 6-21 (non-functional)) [NCBI Gene 28906] {aka A26, IGKV621}, LIF (LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine) [NCBI Gene 3976] {aka CDF, DIA, HILDA, MLPLI}, HLA-A (major histocompatibility complex, class I, A) [NCBI Gene 3105] {aka HLAA}, IGH (immunoglobulin heavy locus) [NCBI Gene 3492] {aka IGD1, IGH.1@, IGH@, IGHD@, IGHDY1, IGHJ}, APOC3 (apolipoprotein C3) [NCBI Gene 345] {aka APOCIII, Apo-C3, ApoC-3}
- **Diseases:** BPH (MESH:D011470), melanoma (MESH:D008545), complement (MESH:D007153), obesity (MESH:D009765), tuberculosis (MESH:D014376), GSLs (MESH:D011017), portal hypertension (MESH:D006975), HT (MESH:D008228), CD (MESH:D003424), OA (MESH:D010003), CRC (MESH:D015179), TIC (MESH:D009845), chronic pancreatitis (MESH:D050500), CMP (MESH:C538234), cardiometabolic and inflammatory diseases (MESH:D024821), infection (MESH:D007239), RMS (MESH:D011843), IBD (MESH:D015212), arthritis (MESH:D001168), FACE (OMIM:600901), SLE (MESH:D008180), hyperglycemia (MESH:D006943), CDC (MESH:D019966), gastritis (MESH:D005756), allergic   diseases (MESH:D004342), 2-ANTS (MESH:D000592), HMOs (MESH:D016269), PCa (MESH:D011471), ADHD (MESH:D001289), hyperuricemia (MESH:D033461), kidney   disfunction (MESH:D007674), MSI (MESH:C564543), thyroid   diseases (MESH:D013959), lung cancer (MESH:D008175), HCA (MESH:D003027), hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected (MESH:D006509), multiple myeloma (MESH:D009101), HIV-infected (MESH:D015658), hypertension (MESH:D006973), HCC (MESH:D006528), cytotoxicity (MESH:D064420), CVD (MESH:D002318), intestinal metaplasia (MESH:D007410), autoimmune and inflammatory conditions (MESH:D007249), gastric cancer (MESH:D013274), 2-AA (MESH:C535443), DEN (MESH:D007222), HCV infection (MESH:D006526), UC (MESH:D003093), HD (MESH:D006816), CDGs (MESH:D018981), MODY (MESH:D003924), ovarian cancer (MESH:D010051), CDG (MESH:C567859), adiposity (MESH:D018205), hypersensitivity reactions (MESH:D006967), liver failure (MESH:D017093), TSA-ALM (MESH:C566796), autoimmune disease (MESH:D001327), pancreatic cancer (MESH:D010190)
- **Species:** Mus musculus (house mouse, species) [taxon 10090], Ebola virus [taxon 186536], Streptococcus pneumoniae (species) [taxon 1313], Paenarthrobacter ureafaciens (species) [taxon 37931], Omnitrophica bacterium [taxon 2952971], Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606], Zika virus (no rank) [taxon 64320], Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (no rank) [taxon 2697049], Human immunodeficiency virus (species) [taxon 12721], Dengue virus (no rank) [taxon 12637], Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (no rank) [taxon 11676]

## Figures

17 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC9614987/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC9614987