# The Current State of Optical Sensors in Medical Wearables

**Authors:** Erik Vavrinsky, Niloofar Ebrahimzadeh Esfahani, Michal Hausner, Anton Kuzma, Vratislav Rezo, Martin Donoval, Helena Kosnacova

PMC · DOI: 10.3390/bios12040217 · 2022-04-06

## TL;DR

This paper reviews optical sensors in medical wearables, highlighting their benefits and potential for future healthcare.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive overview of modern optical sensor applications in medical wearables.

## Key findings

- Optical sensors offer non-invasive and safe methods for physiological measurements.
- They are cost-effective and resistant to environmental factors like water and corrosion.
- The paper discusses their role in advancing home diagnostics and telemedicine.

## Abstract

Optical sensors play an increasingly important role in the development of medical diagnostic devices. They can be very widely used to measure the physiology of the human body. Optical methods include PPG, radiation, biochemical, and optical fiber sensors. Optical sensors offer excellent metrological properties, immunity to electromagnetic interference, electrical safety, simple miniaturization, the ability to capture volumes of nanometers, and non-invasive examination. In addition, they are cheap and resistant to water and corrosion. The use of optical sensors can bring better methods of continuous diagnostics in the comfort of the home and the development of telemedicine in the 21st century. This article offers a large overview of optical wearable methods and their modern use with an insight into the future years of technology in this field.

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** MB (myoglobin) [NCBI Gene 4151] {aka MYOSB, PVALB}, ALB (albumin) [NCBI Gene 213] {aka FDAHT, HSA, PRO0883, PRO0903, PRO1341}, MYH14 (myosin heavy chain 14) [NCBI Gene 79784] {aka DFNA4, DFNA4A, FP17425, MHC16, MYH17, NMHC II-C}
- **Diseases:** apnea (MESH:D001049), dermatitis (MESH:D003872), chronic wounds (MESH:D014947), fibrillation (MESH:D014693), skin cancer (MESH:D012878), arteriosclerosis (MESH:D001161), respiratory diseases (MESH:D012140), peripheral vascular disease (MESH:D016491), hypothermia (MESH:D007035), cardiovascular disease (MESH:D002318), breast cancer (MESH:D001943), Blood pressure (MESH:D006973), AF (MESH:D001281), diabetes (MESH:D003920), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (MESH:D029424), tumor (MESH:D009369), cellulitis (MESH:D002481), tachycardia (MESH:D013610), metabolic disorders (MESH:D008659), asthma (MESH:D001249), sleep apnea (MESH:D012891), Parkinson's disease (MESH:D010300), COVID-19 (MESH:D000086382), anxiety (MESH:D001007), dehydration (MESH:D003681), circulatory shock (MESH:D012769), dementia (MESH:D003704), infectious diseases (MESH:D003141), hypoxia (MESH:D000860), Respiratory disorders (MESH:D012131), obesity (MESH:D009765), hyponatremia (MESH:D007010), fever (MESH:D005334), bradycardia (MESH:D001919), inflammation (MESH:D007249), Cr3+ disorder (MESH:D009358), body failure (MESH:D051437), motor disorders (MESH:D000068079), pressure ulcers (MESH:D003668), children's pulmonary diseases (MESH:D008171), tachypnea (MESH:D059246), Frey's disease (MESH:D013547)
- **Chemicals:** Glucose (MESH:D005947), silicate (MESH:D017640), Lithium Niobate (MESH:C091692), Silica (MESH:D012822), silicone (MESH:D012828), polymer (MESH:D011108), O2 (MESH:D010100), polystyrene (MESH:D011137), PVC (MESH:D011143), Lanthanide (MESH:D028581), stainless steel (MESH:D013193), fentanyl (MESH:D005283), K+ (MESH:D011188), Zn (MESH:D015032), FBGs (-), indium tin oxide (MESH:C109984), Cl (MESH:D002713), ammonia (MESH:D000641), PDMS (MESH:C013830), cortisol (MESH:D006854), Urea (MESH:D014508), lactate (MESH:D019344), H2O2 (MESH:D006861), quinine (MESH:D011803), Water (MESH:D014867), amphotericin B (MESH:D000666), melanin (MESH:D008543), aluminum (MESH:D000535), calcium (MESH:D002118), anthocyanin (MESH:D000872), polyethylene naphthalate (MESH:C000597025), dextran (MESH:D003911), cholesterol (MESH:D002784), bromocresol green (MESH:D001961), carbon (MESH:D002244), chloride (MESH:D002712), MOFs (MESH:C040750), methyl orange (MESH:C100258), silicone rubber (MESH:D012826), Si (MESH:D012825), Ag+ (MESH:D012834), graphene (MESH:D006108), carbonate (MESH:D002254), bile acids (MESH:D001647), ethanol (MESH:D000431), carbon dioxide (MESH:D002245), pyruvate (MESH:D019289), graphene oxide (MESH:C000628730), Na (MESH:D012964), fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (MESH:C015219), ethyl alpha cyanoacrylate (MESH:C029054), blood glucose (MESH:D001786), ketones (MESH:D007659), metal-organic frameworks (MESH:D000073396), metal (MESH:D008670)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606], Mus musculus (house mouse, species) [taxon 10090]

## Figures

1 figure with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC9029995/full.md

---
Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC9029995