# Accumulation of storage proteins in plant seeds is mediated by amyloid formation

## TL;DR

This study shows that storage proteins in garden pea seeds form stable amyloid structures, which resist digestion and canning.

## Contribution

The first demonstration of functional amyloid formation in plant seeds under native conditions.

## Key findings

- Vicilin, a storage protein in peas, forms amyloid fibrils in vivo and in vitro.
- Vicilin amyloids resist digestion and canning, and are toxic to yeast and mammalian cells.
- Amyloid formation of Vicilin increases during seed maturation and decreases during germination.

## Abstract

Amyloids are protein aggregates with a highly ordered spatial structure giving them unique physicochemical properties. Different amyloids not only participate in the development of numerous incurable diseases but control vital functions in archaea, bacteria and eukarya. Plants are a poorly studied systematic group in the field of amyloid biology. Amyloid properties have not yet been demonstrated for plant proteins under native conditions in vivo. Here we show that seeds of garden pea Pisum sativum L. contain amyloid-like aggregates of storage proteins, the most abundant one, 7S globulin Vicilin, forms bona fide amyloids in vivo and in vitro. Full-length Vicilin contains 2 evolutionary conserved β-barrel domains, Cupin-1.1 and Cupin-1.2, that self-assemble in vitro into amyloid fibrils with similar physicochemical properties. However, Cupin-1.2 fibrils unlike Cupin-1.1 can seed Vicilin fibrillation. In vivo, Vicilin forms amyloids in the cotyledon cells that bind amyloid-specific dyes and possess resistance to detergents and proteases. The Vicilin amyloid accumulation increases during seed maturation and wanes at germination. Amyloids of Vicilin resist digestion by gastrointestinal enzymes, persist in canned peas, and exhibit toxicity for yeast and mammalian cells. Our finding for the first time reveals involvement of amyloid formation in the accumulation of storage proteins in plant seeds.

Amyloids are protein fibrils that may be pathological or functional. This study of garden peas shows that several storage proteins accumulate in plant seeds as highly stable amyloids that resist the canning process and digestion by gastrointestinal enzymes.