# Posterior Fixation Techniques in the Subaxial Cervical Spine

## TL;DR

This paper reviews four surgical techniques for stabilizing the lower cervical spine, focusing on their history, uses, methods, and risks.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive review of posterior fixation techniques in the subaxial cervical spine, emphasizing modern practices and complications.

## Key findings

- Lateral mass and pedicle screw fixation are currently the most reliable techniques for subaxial cervical spine stabilization.
- Proper anatomical knowledge and preoperative evaluation are crucial to minimize complications in these procedures.
- Posterior wiring and laminar screw fixation are now rarely used due to their limitations and risks.

## Abstract

This article reviews the historical context, indications, techniques, and complications of four posterior fixation techniques to stabilize the subaxial cervical spine. Specifically, posterior wiring, laminar screw fixation, lateral mass fixation, and pedicle screw fixation are among the common methods of operative fixation of the subaxial cervical spine. While wiring and laminar screw fixation are now rarely used, both lateral mass and pedicle screw fixation are technically challenging and present the risk of significant complications if performed incorrectly. With a sound understanding of anatomy and rigorous preoperative evaluation of bony structures, both lateral mass and pedicle screw fixation provide a safe and reliable method for subaxial cervical spine fixation.