# Enhancing Ecoefficiency in Shrimp Farming through Interconnected Ponds

## TL;DR

This study shows that connecting shrimp farming ponds improves ecoefficiency by recycling nutrients and reducing environmental impact.

## Contribution

The interconnected pond design is shown to significantly enhance water and nitrogen use efficiency in shrimp farming.

## Key findings

- Interconnected ponds promote nutrient recycling through increased primary producers like chlorophyll a.
- The system reduces environmental discharge of organic matter and nitrogen while improving water efficiency.
- Up to 34% of nitrogen is recovered, with shrimp yields exceeding 4,000 kg per hectare.

## Abstract

The future development of shrimp farming needs to improve its ecoefficiency. The purpose of this study was to evaluate water quality, flows, and nitrogen balance and production parameters on a farm with interconnected pond design to improve the efficiency of the semi-intensive culture of Litopenaeus vannamei ponds. The study was conducted in 21 commercial culture ponds during 180 days at densities of 30–35 ind m−2 and daily water exchange <2%. Our study provides evidence that by interconnecting ponds nutrient recycling is favored by promoting the growth of primary producers of the pond as chlorophyll a. Based on the mass balance and flow of nutrients this culture system reduces the flow of solid, particulate organic matter, and nitrogen compounds to the environment and significantly increases the efficiency of water (5 to 6.5 m3 kg−1 cycle−1), when compared with traditional culture systems. With this culture system it is possible to recover up to 34% of the total nitrogen entering the system, with production in excess of 4,000 kg ha−1 shrimp. We believe that the production system with interconnected ponds is a technically feasible model to improve ecoefficiency production of shrimp farming.