Whole-Genome Analysis of a Novel Fish Reovirus (MsReV) Discloses Aquareovirus Genomic Structure Relationship with Host in Saline Environments

TL;DR

This study characterizes a new fish reovirus and finds that viruses in saline environments share more genomic similarities than those in freshwater.

Contribution

The first study revealing genomic structure relationships between aquareoviruses and their host environments.

Findings

MsReV shares structural and functional similarities with SMReV from saline environments.

GCReV-109 lacks certain gene regions found in MsReV and SMReV.

Aquareoviruses from saline environments cluster closely in phylogenetic analysis.

Abstract

Aquareoviruses are serious pathogens of aquatic animals. Here, genome characterization and functional gene analysis of a novel aquareovirus, largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides reovirus (MsReV), was described. It comprises 11 dsRNA segments (S1–S11) covering 24,024 bp, and encodes 12 putative proteins including the inclusion forming-related protein NS87 and the fusion-associated small transmembrane (FAST) protein NS22. The function of NS22 was confirmed by expression in fish cells. Subsequently, MsReV was compared with two representative aquareoviruses, saltwater fish turbot Scophthalmus maximus reovirus (SMReV) and freshwater fish grass carp reovirus strain 109 (GCReV-109). MsReV NS87 and NS22 genes have the same structure and function with those of SMReV, whereas GCReV-109 is either missing the coiled-coil region in NS79 or the gene-encoding NS22. Significant similarities are also revealed among equivalent genome segments between MsReV and SMReV, but a difference is found between MsReV and GCReV-109. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis showed that 13 aquareoviruses could be divided into freshwater and saline environments subgroups, and MsReV was closely related to SMReV in saline environments. Consequently, these viruses from hosts in saline environments have more genomic structural similarities than the viruses from hosts in freshwater. This is the first study of the relationships between aquareovirus genomic structure and their host environments.

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