# Muscular Dystrophy: Disease Mechanisms and Therapies

**Authors:** Sachchida Nand Pandey, Akanchha Kesari, Toshifumi Yokota, Gouri Shankar Pandey

PMC · DOI: 10.1155/2015/456348 · BioMed Research International · 2015-08-24

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** Tgfb1 (transforming growth factor, beta 1) [NCBI Gene 59086] {aka Tgfb}, DAG1 (dystroglycan 1) [NCBI Gene 1605] {aka 156DAG, A3a, AGRNR, DAG, LGMDR16, MDDGA9}, Tgfb1 (transforming growth factor, beta 1) [NCBI Gene 21803] {aka TGF-beta1, TGFbeta1, Tgfb, Tgfb-1}, IL1A (interleukin 1 alpha) [NCBI Gene 3552] {aka IL-1 alpha, IL-1A, IL1, IL1-ALPHA, IL1F1}, Stat3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) [NCBI Gene 20848] {aka 1110034C02Rik, Aprf}, Smad3 (SMAD family member 3) [NCBI Gene 25631] {aka Madh3, Smad 3, mad3}, TNF (tumor necrosis factor) [NCBI Gene 7124] {aka DIF, IMD127, TNF-alpha, TNFA, TNFSF2, TNLG1F}, IL6 (interleukin 6) [NCBI Gene 3569] {aka BSF-2, BSF2, CDF, HGF, HSF, IFN-beta-2}, Dag1 (dystroglycan 1) [NCBI Gene 13138] {aka D9Wsu13e, DG, Dp427, Dp71}
- **Diseases:** muscle mass loss (MESH:C536030), chronic inflammation (MESH:D007249), malnutrition (MESH:D044342), obesity (MESH:D009765), degeneration of skeletal muscles (MESH:D005207), cachexia (MESH:D002100), muscle atrophy (MESH:D009133), Muscular Dystrophy (MESH:D009136), SCI (MESH:D013119), Muscle loss (MESH:D009135), DMD (MESH:D020388), weakness (MESH:D018908), cancer (MESH:D009369), fibrosis (MESH:D005355), muscle degeneration (MESH:D009410)
- **Chemicals:** calcium (MESH:D002118)
- **Species:** Mus musculus (house mouse, species) [taxon 10090], Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606], Rattus norvegicus (brown rat, species) [taxon 10116]

## Full text

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC4561299