# From mice to men: lessons from mutant ataxic mice

**Authors:** Jan Cendelin

PMC · DOI: 10.1186/2053-8871-1-4 · 2014-06-16

## TL;DR

This paper reviews various ataxic mouse models to understand cerebellar degenerative disorders and their potential for studying treatment approaches.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive review of multiple mouse models and their relevance to human cerebellar diseases.

## Key findings

- Mouse models like Lurcher and Staggerer show distinct cerebellar pathologies and functional changes.
- Several models, including SCA1 and Friedreich ataxia, help study the pathogenesis of human ataxic disorders.
- The paper highlights both the benefits and limitations of using mouse models for therapeutic research.

## Abstract

Ataxic mutant mice can be used to represent models of cerebellar degenerative disorders. They serve for investigation of cerebellar function, pathogenesis of degenerative processes as well as of therapeutic approaches. Lurcher, Hot-foot, Purkinje cell degeneration, Nervous, Staggerer, Weaver, Reeler, and Scrambler mouse models and mouse models of SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6, SCA7, SCA23, DRPLA, Niemann-Pick disease and Friedreich ataxia are reviewed with special regard to cerebellar pathology, pathogenesis, functional changes and possible therapeutic influences, if any. Finally, benefits and limitations of mouse models are discussed.

## Linked entities

- **Diseases:** SCA1 (MONDO:0008119), SCA2 (MONDO:0008458), SCA3 (MONDO:0007182), SCA6 (MONDO:0008457), SCA7 (MONDO:0016163), SCA23 (MONDO:0012449), DRPLA (MONDO:0007435), Niemann-Pick disease (MONDO:0001982), Friedreich ataxia (MONDO:0100339)
- **Species:** Mus musculus (taxon 10090)

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** C1s1 (complement component 1, s subcomponent 1) [NCBI Gene 50908] {aka C1s, C1sa}, Mapk14 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 14) [NCBI Gene 26416] {aka CSBP2, Crk1, Csbp1, Mxi2, PRKM14, PRKM15}, Kcnj6 (potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 6) [NCBI Gene 16522] {aka BIR1, GIRK2, KATP2, KCNJ7, Kir3.2, weaver}, Ly6a (lymphocyte antigen 6 family member A) [NCBI Gene 110454] {aka Ly-6A.2, Ly-6A/E, Ly-6E.1, Sca-1, Sca1, TAP}, Rora (RAR-related orphan receptor alpha) [NCBI Gene 19883] {aka 9530021D13Rik, Nr1f1, ROR1, ROR2, ROR3, nmf267}, Fmr1 (fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1) [NCBI Gene 14265] {aka FMRP, Fmr-1}, Atxn1 (ataxin 1) [NCBI Gene 20238] {aka 2900016G23Rik, Atx1, Gm10786, Sca1}, Calb1 (calbindin 1) [NCBI Gene 12307] {aka Brain-2, CB, Calb, Calb-1}, Pcp2 (Purkinje cell protein 2 (L7)) [NCBI Gene 18545] {aka L7, Pcp-2}, Agtpbp1 (ATP/GTP binding protein 1) [NCBI Gene 67269] {aka 1700020N17Rik, 2310001G17Rik, 2900054O13Rik, 4930445M19Rik, 5730402G09Rik, CCP1}, Ifnb1 (interferon beta 1, fibroblast) [NCBI Gene 15977] {aka IFN-beta, IFNB, If1da1, Ifb}, Ep300 (E1A binding protein p300) [NCBI Gene 328572] {aka A430090G16, A730011L11, KAT3B, p300, p300 HAT}, ATXN1 (ataxin 1) [NCBI Gene 6310] {aka ATX1, D6S504E, SCA1}, nr (nervous) [NCBI Gene 18170], Calb2 (calbindin 2) [NCBI Gene 12308] {aka CR}, Nlgn3 (neuroligin 3) [NCBI Gene 245537] {aka A230085M13Rik, HNL3, NL3, NLG3}, ATXN3 (ataxin 3) [NCBI Gene 4287] {aka AT3, ATX3, JOS, MJD, MJD1, SCA3}, Igf1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) [NCBI Gene 16000] {aka C730016P09Rik, Igf-1, Igf-I}, ROBO3 (roundabout guidance receptor 3) [NCBI Gene 64221] {aka HGPPS, HGPPS1, HGPS, RBIG1, RIG1}, Cacna1a (calcium channel, voltage-dependent, P/Q type, alpha 1A subunit) [NCBI Gene 12286] {aka APCA, BI, Caca1a, Cacnl1a4, Cav2.1, Ccha1a}, Bdnf (brain derived neurotrophic factor) [NCBI Gene 12064], Atxn7 (ataxin 7) [NCBI Gene 246103] {aka A430107N12Rik, Sca7, ataxin-7}, Rock2 (Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2) [NCBI Gene 19878] {aka B230113H15Rik, ROKalpha, Rho-kinase, Rock-II, Rock2m, mKIAA0619}, PDYN (prodynorphin) [NCBI Gene 5173] {aka ADCA, PENKB, SCA23}, Dab1 (disabled 1) [NCBI Gene 13131] {aka C630028C02Rik, mDab1, scm, scr, scrambler, yot}, Pdyn (prodynorphin) [NCBI Gene 18610] {aka Dyn}, Reln (reelin) [NCBI Gene 19699] {aka reeler, rl}, Atn1 (atrophin 1) [NCBI Gene 13498] {aka Atr1, Drpla, atrophin-1}, Rig1 (regulation of Igh-1b 1) [NCBI Gene 109906] {aka Rig-1}, Gdnf (glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor) [NCBI Gene 14573] {aka ATF}, FXN (frataxin) [NCBI Gene 2395] {aka CyaY, FA, FARR, FRDA, X25}, Atxn3 (ataxin 3) [NCBI Gene 110616] {aka 2210008M02Rik, ATX3, MJD1, Mjd, Sca3, ataxin-3}, Fxn (frataxin) [NCBI Gene 14297] {aka FA, FARR, Frda, X25}, Atxn2 (ataxin 2) [NCBI Gene 20239] {aka 9630045M23Rik, ATX2, Sca2}, Robo3 (roundabout guidance receptor 3) [NCBI Gene 19649] {aka Rbig1, Rig-1, Rig1, Robo3a, Robo3b}, Grid2 (glutamate receptor, ionotropic, delta 2) [NCBI Gene 14804] {aka B230104L07Rik, GluD2, GluRdelta2, Lc, Lc<J>, MMS10-AC}, Casp3 (caspase 3) [NCBI Gene 12367] {aka A830040C14Rik, AC-3, CASP-3, CC3, CPP-32, CPP32}, ATN1 (atrophin 1) [NCBI Gene 1822] {aka B37, CHEDDA, D12S755E, DRPLA, HRS, NOD}
- **Diseases:** developmental disorder (MESH:D002658), pain (MESH:D010146), autistic (MESH:D001321), Reeler inferior olivary (MESH:D056989), mental and behavioral abnormalities (MESH:C564560), hemorrhage (MESH:D006470), root ganglia (MESH:D011843), ataxic symptom (MESH:D012816), epilepsy (MESH:D004827), peripheral neuropathy (MESH:D010523), cerebellar degenerative disorders (MESH:D019636), motor and oculomotor deficits (MESH:D015840), retina (MESH:D019572), coordination deficits (MESH:D019957), dementia (MESH:D003704), Reeler brain cortex (MESH:D001927), Hot-foot (MESH:D019584), brain atrophy (MESH:C566985), motor impairment (MESH:D000068079), weight gain (MESH:D015430), Lurcher Purkinje cell reduction (MESH:D002292), HGPPS (MESH:C564593), vision impairment (MESH:D014786), deterioration of goal-directed movements (MESH:D051556), affective function abnormalities (MESH:D019964), maternal infanticide (MESH:D000079262), male sterility (MESH:D007248), schizophrenia (MESH:D012559), choreoathetosis (MESH:C567034), fragile X syndrome (MESH:D005600), speech disorders (MESH:D013064), autosomal dominant neurologic disorder (MESH:D009422), inflammation (MESH:D007249), FRDA (MESH:D005621), autosomal dominant hereditary ataxias (MESH:D013132), premature death (MESH:D003643), cerebellar granule (MESH:C563565), Autosomal dominant ataxias (MESH:C563818), pigmentary macular degeneration (MESH:D008268), Autism spectrum disorders (MESH:D000067877), Retinal degeneration (MESH:D012162), abnormalities (MESH:D000014), autosomal recessive lissencephaly (MESH:D054082), SCAs (MESH:D020754), bodyweight (MESH:D015431), impulsivity (MESH:D007174), iron metabolism anomalies (MESH:D019189), phenotype (MESH:C537393), Degeneration of the thalamus (MESH:D009410), Niemann-Pick disease (MESH:D009542), learning deficits (MESH:D007859), eyeball movement abnormalities (MESH:D004409), gait pattern abnormalities (MESH:D020233), demyelination (MESH:D003711), -blink (MESH:D000092164), tremor (MESH:D014202), Niemann-Pick C disease (MESH:D052556), behavioral abnormalities (MESH:D001523), structural abnormalities (MESH:C566527), Weavers (MESH:C536687)
- **Chemicals:** amino acids (MESH:D000596), corticosterone (MESH:D003345), calcium (MESH:D002118), MK-801 (MESH:D016291), Na+ (MESH:D012964), verapamil (MESH:D014700), Cysteamine (MESH:D003543), dopamine (MESH:D004298), polyQ (MESH:C097188), iron (MESH:D007501), Nicotine (MESH:D009538), glutamate (MESH:D018698), ATP (MESH:D000255), dantrolene (MESH:D003620), acetylcholine (MESH:D000109), anxiogenic (-)
- **Species:** Mus musculus (house mouse, species) [taxon 10090], Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]
- **Mutations:** D1005G
- **Cell lines:** Q266 — Canis lupus familiaris (Dog), Canine mammary carcinoma, Cancer cell line (CVCL_C1II), Q58-5B — Coturnix japonica (Japanese quail), Transformed cell line (CVCL_T589)

---
Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC4549131