# Low Reactive Level Laser Therapy for Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Therapies **Authors:** Toshihiro Kushibiki, Takeshi Hirasawa, Shinpei Okawa, Miya Ishihara PMC · DOI: 10.1155/2015/974864 · Stem Cells International · 2015-07-26 ## TL;DR This review explains how low-level laser therapy can activate cells and enhance the use of mesenchymal stromal cells in regenerative medicine. ## Contribution The paper highlights recent findings on how LLLT promotes osteoblast differentiation from MSCs. ## Key findings - LLLT activates cellular signaling through chromophores. - LLLT has been shown to improve wound healing and reduce inflammation. - LLLT enhances the differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts. ## Abstract Low reactive level laser therapy (LLLT) is mainly focused on the activation of intracellular or extracellular chromophore and the initiation of cellular signaling by using low power lasers. Over the past forty years, it was realized that the laser therapy had the potential to improve wound healing and reduce pain and inflammation. In recent years, the term LLLT has become widely recognized in the field of regenerative medicine. In this review, we will describe the mechanisms of action of LLLT at a cellular level and introduce the application to mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) therapies. Finally, our recent research results that LLLT enhanced the MSCs differentiation to osteoblast will also be described. ## Full-text entities - **Genes:** IL1A (interleukin 1 alpha) [NCBI Gene 3552] {aka IL-1 alpha, IL-1A, IL1, IL1-ALPHA, IL1F1}, FGF2 (fibroblast growth factor 2) [NCBI Gene 2247] {aka BFGF, FGF-2, FGFB, HBGF-2}, SOD1 (superoxide dismutase 1) [NCBI Gene 6647] {aka ALS, ALS1, HEL-S-44, IPOA, SOD, STAHP}, Igfbp3 (insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3) [NCBI Gene 16009] {aka IGFBP-3, IGgfbp3}, Notch1 (notch 1) [NCBI Gene 18128] {aka 9930111A19Rik, Mis6, N1, Tan1, lin-12}, IGF1 (insulin like growth factor 1) [NCBI Gene 3479] {aka IGF, IGF-I, IGFI, MGF}, Tgfb1 (transforming growth factor, beta 1) [NCBI Gene 21803] {aka TGF-beta1, TGFbeta1, Tgfb, Tgfb-1}, VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth factor A) [NCBI Gene 7422] {aka L-VEGF, MVCD1, VEGF, VPF}, Nfkb1 (nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105) [NCBI Gene 18033] {aka NF-KB1, NF-kappaB, NF-kappaB1, p105, p50, p50/p105}, Vegfa (vascular endothelial growth factor A) [NCBI Gene 83785] {aka VEGF-A, VEGF111, VEGF164, VPF, Vegf}, IL12B (interleukin 12B) [NCBI Gene 3593] {aka CLMF, CLMF2, IL-12B, IMD28, IMD29, NKSF}, CAT (catalase) [NCBI Gene 847], Igf1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) [NCBI Gene 24482] {aka IGF}, Cry1 (cryptochrome circadian regulator 1) [NCBI Gene 299691], Pdlim3 (PDZ and LIM domain 3) [NCBI Gene 114108] {aka Actn2lp, Alp}, TXN (thioredoxin) [NCBI Gene 7295] {aka TRDX, TRX, TRX1, TXN1, Trx80}, Ephb1 (Eph receptor B1) [NCBI Gene 24338] {aka Ephb2, Erk, elk}, Fgf2 (fibroblast growth factor 2) [NCBI Gene 14173] {aka Fgf-2, Fgf2a, Fgfb, bFGF}, Cry1 (cryptochrome circadian regulator 1) [NCBI Gene 12952] {aka Phll1}, Ing5 (inhibitor of growth family, member 5) [NCBI Gene 363292], JUN (Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit) [NCBI Gene 3725] {aka AP-1, AP1, c-Jun, cJUN, p39}, FOS (Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit) [NCBI Gene 2353] {aka AP-1, C-FOS, p55}, CRY1 (cryptochrome circadian regulator 1) [NCBI Gene 1407] {aka DSPD, PHLL1}, Igf1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) [NCBI Gene 16000] {aka C730016P09Rik, Igf-1, Igf-I}, IL2 (interleukin 2) [NCBI Gene 3558] {aka IL-2, TCGF, lymphokine}, NFKB1 (nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1) [NCBI Gene 4790] {aka CVID12, EBP-1, KBF1, NF-kB, NF-kB1, NF-kappa-B1}, IL6 (interleukin 6) [NCBI Gene 3569] {aka BSF-2, BSF2, CDF, HGF, HSF, IFN-beta-2}, TNF (tumor necrosis factor) [NCBI Gene 7124] {aka DIF, IMD127, TNF-alpha, TNFA, TNFSF2, TNLG1F}, PRRT2 (proline rich transmembrane protein 2) [NCBI Gene 112476] {aka BFIC2, BFIS2, DSPB3, DYT10, EKD1, FICCA}, Mir193 (microRNA 193) [NCBI Gene 100314244] {aka Mir193a, rno-mir-193, rno-mir-193a}, RHO (rhodopsin) [NCBI Gene 6010] {aka CSNBAD1, OPN2, RP4}, NGF (nerve growth factor) [NCBI Gene 4803] {aka Beta-NGF, HSAN5, NGFB}, CXCL8 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8) [NCBI Gene 3576] {aka GCP-1, GCP1, IL8, LECT, LUCT, LYNAP}, HIF1A (hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha) [NCBI Gene 3091] {aka HIF-1-alpha, HIF-1A, HIF-1alpha, HIF1, HIF1-ALPHA, MOP1}, BMAL2 (basic helix-loop-helix ARNT like 2) [NCBI Gene 56938] {aka ARNTL2, CLIF, MOP9, PASD9, bHLHe6}, PSEN1 (presenilin 1) [NCBI Gene 5663] {aka ACNINV3, AD3, CMD1U, FAD, PS-1, PS1}, NOS2 (nitric oxide synthase 2) [NCBI Gene 4843] {aka HEP-NOS, INOS, NOS, NOS2A}, Il1a (interleukin 1 alpha) [NCBI Gene 16175] {aka Il-1a}, Bmp2 (bone morphogenetic protein 2) [NCBI Gene 29373], TGFB1 (transforming growth factor beta 1) [NCBI Gene 7040] {aka CAEND1, CED, DPD1, IBDIMDE, LAP, TGF-beta1} - **Diseases:** fracture (MESH:D050723), carcinogenic (MESH:D011230), hypoxia (MESH:D000860), pain (MESH:D010146), calcification (MESH:D002114), pleuritis (MESH:D010998), ischemic (MESH:D002545), inflammation (MESH:D007249), trauma (MESH:D014947), nerve (MESH:C537568), peritonitis (MESH:D010538), Alzheimer's disease (MESH:D000544), abnormalities (MESH:D000014), vascular neoplasms (MESH:D019043), muscle trauma (MESH:D019042), cancer (MESH:D009369), ischemia (MESH:D007511), bone defect (MESH:D001847), open angle glaucoma (MESH:D005902) - **Chemicals:** glutathione (MESH:D005978), flavin (MESH:C024132), LPS (MESH:D008070), NO (MESH:D009569), DAPI (MESH:C007293), Calcium (MESH:D002118), riboflavin (MESH:D012256), bilirubin (MESH:D001663), Porphyrins (MESH:D011166), pyrrole (MESH:D011758), PPIX (MESH:C028025), urocanic acid (MESH:D014560), phosphate (MESH:D010710), tetrodotoxin (MESH:D013779), 5-aminolevulinic acid (MESH:C000614854), FMN (MESH:D005486), molybdenum (MESH:D008982), pterin (MESH:D011622), sodium (MESH:D012964), vitamin B6 (MESH:D025101), ROS (MESH:D017382), cAMP (MESH:D000242), tryptophan (MESH:D014364), Alizarin red S (MESH:C004468), iron protoporphyrin IX (MESH:C448299), Ga-As (MESH:C043055), manganese (MESH:D008345), oxygen (MESH:D010100), copper (MESH:D003300), NAD (MESH:D009243), carrageenan (MESH:D002351), iron (MESH:D007501), As-Ga (-), NADP (MESH:D009249), nitrogen (MESH:D009584), ATP (MESH:D000255), vitamin K (MESH:D014812), magnesium (MESH:D008274), Alizarin red (MESH:C010078), flavin adenine dinucleotide (MESH:D005182), melanin (MESH:D008543) - **Species:** Mus musculus (house mouse, species) [taxon 10090], Rattus norvegicus (brown rat, species) [taxon 10116], Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606] - **Cell lines:** MSCs — Mus musculus (Mouse), Stromal cell line (CVCL_2128) ## Full text _Full body text omitted from this summary view._ Fetch the complete paper as Markdown: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC4529981/full.md ## Figures 2 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC4529981/full.md ## References 148 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC4529981/full.md --- Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC4529981