# The optoelectronic role of chlorine in CH3NH3PbI3(Cl)-based perovskite solar cells

## TL;DR

This paper investigates how chlorine affects the performance of perovskite solar cells by improving carrier transport at interfaces.

## Contribution

A new strategy is introduced to isolate chlorine's optoelectronic role from morphological effects in perovskite solar cells.

## Key findings

- Chlorine improves carrier transport across heterojunction interfaces.
- Chlorine does not significantly affect transport within perovskite crystals.
- Optimized cells achieved 17.91% power conversion efficiency.

## Abstract

Perovskite photovoltaics offer a compelling combination of extremely low-cost, ease of processing and high device performance. The optoelectronic properties of the prototypical CH3NH3PbI3 can be further adjusted by introducing other extrinsic ions. Specifically, chlorine incorporation has been shown to affect the morphological development of perovksite films, which results in improved optoelectronic characteristics for high efficiency. However, it requires a deep understanding to the role of extrinsic halide, especially in the absence of unpredictable morphological influence during film growth. Here we report an effective strategy to investigate the role of the extrinsic ion in the context of optoelectronic properties, in which the morphological factors that closely correlate to device performance are mostly decoupled. The chlorine incorporation is found to mainly improve the carrier transport across the heterojunction interfaces, rather than within the perovskite crystals. Further optimization according this protocol leads to solar cells achieving power conversion efficiency of 17.91%.

Chlorine incorporation into CH3NH3PbI3 improves solar cell performance, but its optoelectronic role is still unclear. Here the authors present a strategy that decouples the morphological impact, to reveal that chlorine incorporation affects carrier transport across the heterojunction interface rather than within the perovskite crystal.