# Refining Trait Resilience: Identifying Engineering, Ecological, and Adaptive Facets from Extant Measures of Resilience

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new way to measure trait resilience based on three ecological concepts and shows it contributes to well-being.

## Contribution

A new three-faceted model of trait resilience (EEA resilience) derived from ecological theory and validated through factor analysis.

## Key findings

- Three resilience facets (Engineering, Ecological, Adaptive) were identified and condensed into a 12-item scale.
- EEA resilience contributes to well-being even after accounting for personality and coping strategies.
- The model aligns with personality traits and enhances understanding of trait psychology.

## Abstract

The current paper presents a new measure of trait resilience derived from three common mechanisms identified in ecological theory: Engineering, Ecological and Adaptive (EEA) resilience. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of five existing resilience scales suggest that the three trait resilience facets emerge, and can be reduced to a 12-item scale. The conceptualization and value of EEA resilience within the wider trait and well-being psychology is illustrated in terms of differing relationships with adaptive expressions of the traits of the five-factor personality model and the contribution to well-being after controlling for personality and coping, or over time. The current findings suggest that EEA resilience is a useful and parsimonious model and measure of trait resilience that can readily be placed within wider trait psychology and that is found to contribute to individual well-being.