# Aspects Supporting and Hindering Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management in Web-Based Educational Portals: Usability Testing Study With Updated Framework in Razavi-Khorasan, Iran

## TL;DR

This study examines usability issues in a web-based diabetes portal and proposes design principles to improve patient self-management.

## Contribution

The study introduces a framework of five design principles to enhance usability in diabetes self-management portals.

## Key findings

- Five design principles were proposed to address usability challenges in diabetes portals.
- 111 usability problems were identified across nine portal sections.
- 16 improvement suggestions were derived from patient feedback.

## Abstract

The rising prevalence of diabetes necessitates continuous monitoring and treatment, especially for type 2 diabetes. Patient education plays a crucial role in enabling self-management, and web-based educational portals can support patients effectively. While the literature highlights various issues impacting self-management system design, few studies explore the usability aspects that either facilitate or hinder such systems for this patient group.

This study aimed to investigate usability issues related to a web-based educational portal for patients with diabetes in Razavi-Khorasan Province, Iran. Additionally, it sought to develop a framework of design principles to address critical usability concerns for diabetes self-management.

The literature on diabetes self-management was analyzed. The analysis focused on design and usability issues affecting self-management. A think-aloud study was carried out with 10 patients using a web-based educational portal designed for patients with diabetes. The portal comprises 9 sections, with patients performing tasks related to each one. Participants’ task completion times were measured, and severity ratings of usability problems were calculated.

Five design principles were proposed that cover (1) understanding and learning about one’s condition, (2) motivation and fostering sustained practices, (3) autonomy and confidence, (4) interaction and collaboration, and (5) privacy and security. The study identified 111 usability problems related to the portal’s 9 sections. Feedback from participants was considered to refine the principles, and participants’ considerations were recorded for any issues that worked against the principles. A total of 16 suggestions for improvement were extrapolated from the data.

This study highlights critical usability and design aspects to consider when developing web-based educational portals to support self-management in type 2 diabetes.