# Immunomodulatory Fibrous Scaffold with Dual Enzyme‐Mimic Activities Prevents Postsurgical Tumor Recurrence

## TL;DR

A new scaffold with nanozymes prevents tumor recurrence after surgery by boosting the immune system.

## Contribution

A fibrous scaffold with dual enzyme-mimic nanozymes is developed to modulate immunity and prevent tumor recurrence.

## Key findings

- The scaffold induces immunogenic cell death and releases antigens through hydroxyl radical formation.
- The scaffold alleviates hypoxia and reprograms macrophages toward a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype.
- The scaffold promotes immune cell recruitment and activation without exogenous immunostimulants.

## Abstract

Surgical resection remains the frontline treatment for solid tumors. However, postsurgical recurrence driven by residual tumor cells and an immunosuppressive microenvironment continues to challenge long‐term survival. Here, we propose an implantable fibrous scaffold functionalized with MnO
x
nanozymes to prevent tumor recurrence. The dual enzyme‐mimic activities of the MnO
x
nanozymes endow the scaffold with immunomodulatory functions. On one hand, the MnO
x
nanozymes with peroxidase‐like activity catalyze the formation of cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals to trigger immunogenic cell death and antigen release. On the other hand, the catalase‐like activity helps alleviate hypoxia by decomposing H2O2 to O2, thereby reprogramming macrophages toward a pro‐inflammatory M1 phenotype. Concurrently, the released Mn2+ ions serve as a potent immune adjuvant, promoting immune cell recruitment and activation. The coordinated immunomodulatory cascade enables the scaffold to establish a sustained local immune niche. Both in vitro and in vivo evaluations confirm that this MnO
x
‐functionalized scaffold elicits robust antitumor immunity, effectively preventing postsurgical recurrence without exogenous immunostimulants. This work highlights a material‐based immunotherapeutic strategy that leverages the intrinsic catalytic and immunomodulatory properties of nanozymes to engineer bioactive scaffolds for postoperative cancer treatment.

A MnOx nanozyme‐functionalized electrospun fibrous scaffold is developed for postoperative therapy by leveraging its intrinsic physicochemical and immunomodulatory properties. Integrating POD‐ and CAT‐like activities, the scaffold induces immunogenic cell death, alleviates hypoxia, and reverses immunosuppression, while simultaneously recruiting and activating immune cells to stimulate robust antitumor immune responses and prevent postsurgical tumor recurrence.