# A genome-wide interaction study of thyroid-stimulating hormone levels and particulate matter exposure among Koreans

## TL;DR

This study explores how genetic factors interact with air pollution to affect thyroid function in Koreans.

## Contribution

This is the first genome-wide interaction study linking air pollution exposure to thyroid function in Koreans.

## Key findings

- One SNP near MSRA reached a suggestive level of significance in interaction with PM10 exposure.
- Two genetic loci (FAM84B/PCAT1 and STARD13) were replicated across cohorts.
- A genetic variant between CGNL1 and GCOM1 showed functional relevance.

## Abstract

Although the associations between air pollution exposure and thyroid function have been reported, the interactive effects of the genes involved remain unknown. Therefore, we aimed to identify candidate genetic loci involved in thyroid function by interacting with annual average exposure to particulate matter with a diameter of 10 microns or smaller (PM10) in Korean adults. A total of 1,863 and 1,458 adults were included in the discovery and replication steps, respectively. The average annual concentration of PM10 exposure was considered, and the participants were classified into two groups (low-to-moderate exposure and high-exposure groups) for binary analyses. A genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis using a PM10 exposure interaction study was performed to determine thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in Korean adults.

Although no SNPs surpassed the stringent genome-wide significance threshold of Pint < 5E-08, one SNP (rs11781213) near MSRA reached a suggestive level of significance of Pint < 5E-07. Two genetic susceptibility loci (FAM84B/PCAT1 and STARD13) were replicated at a nominal significance level of Pint < 1E-05 for the discovery cohort, and Pint < 0.05 for the replication cohort. A genetic variant (rs7169081 G > A) between CGNL1 and GCOM1 was of functional interest.

This is the first study reporting genome-wide-air pollution interaction results for thyroid function. The association between long-term PM10 exposure and thyroid hormone levels may be partly explained by identifying several suggestive loci, including MSRA, PCAT1, and GCOM1.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41021-026-00357-z.