# Cholecystokinin A Receptor Knockdown Diminishes Colon Cancer Cell Invasive Potential via Modulation of Integrin/FAK, EMT, and uPA/uPAR/MMP2 Axis

## TL;DR

This study shows that reducing CCKAR in colon cancer cells decreases their ability to invade, possibly through changes in cell signaling and structure.

## Contribution

The study reveals a novel mechanism by which CCKAR influences colon cancer invasiveness through integrin/FAK, EMT, and uPA/uPAR/MMP2 pathways.

## Key findings

- CCKAR knockdown reduced cell motility and invasiveness in DLD-1 and LoVo colon cancer cells.
- CCKAR knockdown modulated EMT markers and reduced uPA/uPAR and MMP2 activity.
- Phosphorylation of FAK, Src, and paxillin was diminished following CCKAR knockdown.

## Abstract

Cholecystokinin A receptor (CCKAR) has been linked to poor prognosis in colon cancer patients, but the role of CCKAR in colon cancer cell invasiveness and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study aimed to explore the effect of CCKAR on the invasive potential of colon cancer cells.

Different human colon cancer cell lines were used. Gene expression was evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qPCR), while protein expression and phosphorylation were assessed by Western blotting. Cell motility and invasiveness were examined through wound healing and invasion assays, respectively.

Our results showed that CCKAR expression levels varied across colon cancer cell lines, with DLD-1 and LoVo cells showing high expression. Knockdown of CCKAR significantly impaired the cell motility and invasiveness of DLD-1 and LoVo cells, downregulated integrin β3 expression, and diminished the phosphorylation levels of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Src, and paxillin. In addition, CCKAR knockdown modulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers ZO-1, E-cadherin, and vimentin and reduced urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), uPA receptor (uPAR), Rho GTPase cell division control protein 42 (CDC42) and RhoA, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2).

These findings indicate that CCKAR knockdown impairs the invasiveness of colon cancer cells, which may be attributed to modulating integrin/FAK/Rho GTPases, EMT markers, and the uPA/uPAR axis. It suggests that targeting CCKAR may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for colon cancer treatment.