# Efficacy of focused ultrasound for HPV clearance and cervical LSIL treatment: a meta-analysis

## TL;DR

Focused ultrasound shows promise in clearing HPV and treating cervical LSIL, but more research is needed to confirm its long-term effectiveness and safety.

## Contribution

This study provides the first meta-analysis on focused ultrasound for HPV clearance and cervical LSIL treatment.

## Key findings

- Focused ultrasound achieved a 74% HPV clearance rate in treated cases.
- 94% of women with LSIL had normal cervical biopsies after treatment.
- Focused ultrasound was more effective than observation and interferon for HPV clearance.

## Abstract

Persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection is a major risk factor for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and cervical cancer. Although HPV vaccines effectively prevent infections with vaccine-covered HPV types, they do not eliminate established infections. Additionally, not all HPV types associated with cervical cancer are covered by the vaccine. Therefore, treatment strategies for HPV-related cervical lesions remain an important clinical challenge. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library to identify studies evaluating the efficacy of focused ultrasound in treating HPV and cervical low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL). Ten eligible observational studies were included. Study quality was assessed using the MINORS criteria, and evidence quality was evaluated based on GRADE guidelines. A meta-analysis was performed using Stata 12.0 software. Focused ultrasound treatment led to HPV clearance in 74% of cases (ES = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.64–0.85, P < 0.001). Additionally, 94% of women with LSIL histology before treatment had a normal cervical biopsy at follow-up (ES = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.92–0.97, P < 0.001), and 87% of women with abnormal ThinPrep cytology (TCT) results had normal cytology at follow-up (ES = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.78–0.96, P < 0.001). Compared to the observation group, focused ultrasound treatment was significantly more effective in clearing HPV (OR = 3.58, 95% CI: 2.21–5.81, P < 0.001). Similarly, focused ultrasound was superior to interferon treatment for HPV clearance (OR = 4.22, 95% CI: 1.12–15.96, P = 0.034). The quality of evidence across studies was rated as low to moderate. This meta-analysis demonstrates that focused ultrasound achieves a 74% HPV clearance rate and 94% LSIL resolution in women with cervical LSIL and concurrent hrHPV infection. While superior to observation and interferon, the evidence remains low-to-moderate due to the observational nature and geographic concentration of included studies. Future multicenter RCTs are essential to validate these results and assess long-term outcomes, including recurrence and obstetric safety.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-026-45421-4.