# Seroprevalence and associated factors of Helicobacter pylori among Somali University students: a cross-sectional study

## TL;DR

This study found that over half of Somali university students had evidence of past exposure to Helicobacter pylori, with lifestyle and environmental factors linked to higher rates.

## Contribution

The study provides new insights into H. pylori seroprevalence and risk factors among Somali university students, a previously understudied population.

## Key findings

- 56.4% of students showed evidence of past H. pylori exposure.
- Spicy food consumption, irregular sleep, and shared drinking water were associated with higher seropositivity.
- Results highlight lifestyle and environmental factors as potential contributors to H. pylori transmission.

## Abstract

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) seropositivity remains a major public health concern in low and middle-income countries, including Somalia. Young adults, particularly university students, represent an understudied group despite potential exposure to lifestyle and environment-related risk factors. This study assessed the seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori IgG antibodies and associated factors among students at Abrar University in Mogadishu, Somalia.

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 149 students. Serum IgG antibodies were tested using ELISA which reflects previous exposure rather than active infection. Data on demographics, dietary habits, sleep patterns, and environmental exposures were collected using a validated questionnaire. Univariable logistic regression was used to assess associations.

The overall H. pylori seroprevalence was 56.4%. Associations were observed between seropositivity and spicy food consumption (OR = 2.1, p = 0.05), irregular sleep (OR = 1.8, p = 0.02), and shared drinking water sources (OR = 1.7, p = 0.04).

H. pylori seropositivity was common among the study population. Lifestyle and environmental factors were associated with seropositivity; however, results should be interpreted cautiously as serology does not indicate active infection.