# Sodium butyrate promotes the function of NDUFS2 in bovine skeletal muscle fiber type transformation and mitochondrial biosynthesis

## TL;DR

Sodium butyrate enhances NDUFS2 function in cow muscle cells, promoting energy metabolism and fiber type changes.

## Contribution

This study reveals a novel regulatory role of sodium butyrate in modulating NDUFS2 activity for mitochondrial biosynthesis and muscle fiber transformation.

## Key findings

- NDUFS2 promotes bovine skeletal muscle cell proliferation and inhibits differentiation.
- NDUFS2 facilitates conversion from fast-twitch to slow-twitch muscle fibers and increases ATP and mtDNA copy number.
- Sodium butyrate enhances NDUFS2 function and validates its interaction with NDUFS1.

## Abstract

In this study, the function of NDUFS2 in BSMCs was investigated through gene manipulation. Additionally, cells were treated with sodium butyrate (NaB) to assess its regulatory effect on NDUFS2. Key parameters, including cell proliferation and differentiation, myofiber type conversion, ATP levels, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, were measured. Protein-protein interactions were also analyzed.

NDUFS2 promoted BSMC proliferation while inhibiting differentiation. It facilitated the conversion of fast-twitch to slow-twitch muscle fibers and enhanced cellular energy metabolism, as evidenced by increased ATP and mtDNA copy number. NaB treatment further augmented the functionality of NDUFS2 and validated its interaction with the NDUFS1 protein.

This study demonstrates that NaB treatment regulates NDUFS2 function, impacting mitochondrial biosynthesis and myofiber type transformation. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the molecular regulation of muscle phenotype in domestic animals.