IQDMA disrupts STAT5 nuclear transport through CDC42-PAK2 axis collapse in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

TL;DR

IQDMA shows strong anti-cancer effects in CTCL by disrupting the CDC42-PAK2-STAT5 pathway, significantly reducing tumor growth and STAT5 activity.

Contribution

IQDMA's dual mechanism of inhibiting PAK2 and depleting CDC42 offers a novel approach to targeting the STAT5 pathway in CTCL.

Findings

IQDMA reduced tumor volume by 90.7% in a CTCL mouse model, outperforming PUVA phototherapy.

IQDMA treatment caused a significant negative correlation between pY-STAT5 and total STAT5, indicating disrupted nuclear transport.

Quantitative proteomics identified CDC42 as the key protein affected by IQDMA, validating the PAK-STAT axis as the primary mechanism.

Abstract

‘Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), particularly tumor stage mycosis fungoides (MF), presents significant therapeutic challenges due to limited treatment efficacy. This study addresses the unmet need for novel targeted therapies targeting the constitutively hyperactive STAT3/5 pathway.

Kinome-wide profiling revealed that IQDMA selectively inhibits PAK2 (69%) and JAK3 (61%), kinases critical for STAT5 nuclear transport and activation. Using a C57BL/6 intradermal T-cell lymphoma model, we evaluated IQDMA efficacy against conventional psoralen + UV-A (PUVA) phototherapy.

IQDMA reduced tumor volume by 90.7% (P = 0.0001), significantly outperforming PUVA (46.2%, P = 0.0074). Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated 45.6% and 40.0% reductions in STAT3+ (P = 0.01) and STAT5+ (P = 0.0478) tumor cells, respectively. Strikingly, while phospho-STAT5 (pY-STAT5) and total STAT5 positively correlated in vehicle-treated tumors (r = +0.57), IQDMA treatment inverted this relationship to a significant negative correlation (r = −0.74, P = 0.046), with pY-STAT5 redistributing from nucleus to cytoplasm—indicating disruption of STAT5 nuclear transport. Quantitative proteomics identified CDC42, the obligate scaffold for PAK2 activation, as the only mechanistically critical protein achieving statistical significance (Hedges’ g = −4.49, FDR = 0.032). Downstream, CCND2 (Cyclin D2)—a direct STAT5 transcriptional target—showed 86% reduction, confirming functional STAT5 blockade. Kinase-substrate network analysis revealed PAK1 substrates were 4.9-fold enriched among downregulated proteins (OR = 4.91, P = 0.011), validating the PAK-STAT axis as IQDMA’s primary mechanism.

These findings establish a CDC42-PAK-STAT nuclear transport axis wherein IQDMA simultaneously inhibits PAK2 kinase activity and depletes its CDC42 scaffold, creating cytoplasmic pY-STAT5 retention that uncouples phosphorylation from transcriptional execution—a dual mechanism distinct from selective JAK inhibitors that warrants clinical evaluation.

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