# Examining the potential of mobile money-based health insurance for people living with HIV and hypertension or diabetes in Uganda

## TL;DR

The study explores how acceptable mobile money-based health insurance is for people in Uganda living with HIV and non-communicable diseases like hypertension or diabetes.

## Contribution

It identifies facilitators and barriers to adopting mobile money-based health insurance in informal-sector populations in Uganda.

## Key findings

- PWH found mobile money-based insurance affordable and convenient, given their high mobile phone and money usage.
- Barriers included low insurance literacy, mistrust of insurers, and fears of mobile money fraud.
- Digital health insurance is seen as a potential pathway to expand health coverage in similar low-resource settings.

## Abstract

Digital technologies are increasingly promoted as alternative pathways for financing universal health coverage (UHC) in sub-Saharan Africa, yet evidence on their acceptability among informal-sector populations remains limited. This study explored the acceptability of mobile money–based private health insurance among people living with HIV (PWH) with comorbid hypertension or diabetes in Uganda.

We conducted an exploratory qualitative study in Fort Portal City, mid-western Uganda. Data were collected through four focus group discussions with PWH (n = 48) and 18 key informant interviews with representatives of telecom companies, private health insurers, regulators, and health providers. Data were analyzed thematically using an established analytical framework on facilitators and barriers to mobile health technologies.

PWH reported rising out-of-pocket expenditures for managing hypertension and diabetes compared to HIV care, which remains largely donor-funded. Facilitators to uptake included high mobile phone ownership, widespread use of mobile money, perceived affordability of monthly premiums (USD 1.35–8.20), prior experience with mobile money insurance, and convenience of digital payments. Barriers included limited understanding of insurance principles, mistrust of private insurers, fears of mobile money fraud, high internet data costs, intermittent electricity supply, and widespread poverty.

Mobile money–based health insurance was perceived as affordable and acceptable among PWH with NCD comorbidities. However, low insurance literacy and mistrust of insurers remain major obstacles. Mobile money–based health insurance warrants further research as a complementary pathway for expanding health insurance coverage in Uganda and similar settings.