# Dynamic observation of reductive and oxidative hydroxylation of CoOx nanostructures in water vapor

## TL;DR

The paper uses advanced microscopy and theory to show how water interacts with cobalt oxide nanostructures, revealing new insights into water-driven oxidation and reduction processes.

## Contribution

The study provides the first atomic-scale visualization of water-induced redox hydroxylation in cobalt oxide nanostructures.

## Key findings

- CoO bilayers are hydroxylated to Co(OH)2 under low water pressure.
- Water facilitates oxygen desorption from CoO2, leading to reductive hydroxylation.
- A dynamic redox mechanism governs water-oxide interactions at the atomic scale.

## Abstract

Water plays important roles in many energy chemistry and catalysis processes and yet atomic-scale understanding of water–solid interactions in water-involved interfacial processes still remains underexplored. Here, combining high-pressure scanning tunneling microscopy and theoretical calculation we have visualized and elucidated both oxidation of CoO bilayers and reduction of CoO2 trilayers in water atmospheres. CoO bilayers are readily hydroxylated to Co(OH)2 with slight Co oxidation at 10−8 mbar H2O. At the CoO2−x surface, containing both CoO and CoO2 domains, hydroxylation of CoO produces a metastable Co(OH)2-CoO2−x interface, where H2O assists oxygen desorption from interfacial CoO2 and further hydroxylation of newly formed CoO. The dynamic Co(OH)2-CoO2−x reaction front drives unusual reductive hydroxylation of CoO2−x into Co(OH)2 under mbar-level H2O. Both CoO2 reduction through H2O-assisted oxygen desorption and CoO oxidation via H2O dissociative adsorption reveal a dynamic redox mechanism for water–oxide interactions.

Atomic-scale observations dynamically capture water-driven reductive and oxidative hydroxylation of supported cobalt oxide nanolayers with different oxidation states, revealing a dynamic redox mechanism in water-oxide interactions.