# Multi-omics and their integration in psoriasis research (Review)

## TL;DR

This review explores how combining different omics data helps understand psoriasis, a skin disease, and could lead to better treatments and biomarkers.

## Contribution

The paper integrates findings from multiple omics layers to provide a comprehensive view of psoriasis pathogenesis.

## Key findings

- Genome-wide studies identified common and region-specific psoriasis susceptibility loci.
- Epigenetic and transcriptional changes regulate psoriasis-related genes and alter the transcriptome.
- Proteomic and metabolomic shifts in skin and plasma offer insights into disease mechanisms and biomarker potential.

## Abstract

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated skin disorder characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation, inflammatory infiltrates and systemic comorbidities. While genetic predisposition and immune dysregulation are established contributors, recent advancements in high-throughput omics technologies have provided deeper insights into the molecular complexity of psoriasis. The present review synthesized findings from various omics layers, genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and microbiomics, to elucidate their roles in psoriasis pathogenesis. Large-scale genome-wide association studies have identified both common and region-specific susceptibility loci. Epigenetic factors and transcription factors regulate psoriasis-related genes by modulating chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs and direct gene activation/inactivation, thereby reshaping the transcriptome. Genetic and epigenetic influences also drive significant alterations in the proteome and metabolome, both in the skin and plasma, shedding light on disease mechanisms and offering potential for biomarker discovery. While microbiome research in psoriasis remains in its early stages, shifts in skin and gut microbial communities have been observed, suggesting their involvement in disease pathogenesis. Together, the multi-layered insights underscore the future potential of integrated systems approaches to unravel disease mechanisms and support the discovery of clinically actionable biomarkers and therapeutic targets, paving the way for more precise diagnosis and targeted therapeutic development in psoriasis.