# Network psychometrics in practice: A practical framework for designing empirical studies that utilize a psychological network approach

## TL;DR

This paper provides a practical framework for designing psychological network studies, helping researchers avoid common pitfalls and improve study design.

## Contribution

The paper introduces a three-step iterative framework for designing empirical studies using a psychological network approach.

## Key findings

- A psychological network approach is suitable for both descriptive and hypothesis-driven research.
- Researchers should base variable selection on theoretical frameworks and prior research.
- Different research designs offer distinct insights, and the choice should align with the study's goals.

## Abstract

A psychological network approach enables the study of psychological phenomena as networks of interacting elements by utilizing network psychometrics. This approach is gaining increasing popularity in different domains of empirical psychological research such as clinical and social psychology. Simultaneously, a scientific debate has emerged on the added value and application of employing such an approach. The current paper contributes to this debate by providing an applied perspective on designing empirical studies that employ a psychological network approach and does so based on best practices in previous empirical psychological research. With a practical framework, we aim to support researchers who want to employ a psychological network approach to mitigate potential criticism in the design phase of their study. The framework can be summarized in three iterative steps. This paper describes each step in detail, including illustrative examples and practical considerations. First, researchers are advised to evaluate their argumentation for adopting a psychological network approach and whether this is the best approach for their research aim. This approach is suitable for aims ranging from descriptive accounts of complex survey data to testing hypotheses about the network’s structure. Second, researchers should carefully evaluate which variables the psychological network should contain. Such decisions should be informed by previous research (e.g., theoretical frameworks). Third, researchers should consider which research design and type of data are optimal to answer their research questions, as different designs provide different insights. Adopting a psychological network approach in accordance with the framework presented in this paper can further advance empirical psychological research.