# Genome-Wide Identification of the TCP Gene Family and Functional Analysis of Gypsophila paniculata GpTCP10 in Regulating Organ Development of Transgenic Arabidopsis

## TL;DR

This study identifies 17 TCP genes in Gypsophila paniculata and shows that GpTCP10 affects plant organ development when overexpressed in Arabidopsis.

## Contribution

The study provides the first genome-wide analysis of TCP genes in Gypsophila paniculata and demonstrates the functional role of GpTCP10 in regulating organ development.

## Key findings

- Seventeen GpTCP genes were identified in G. paniculata, all containing a conserved TCP domain and localized in the nucleus.
- Overexpression of GpTCP10 in Arabidopsis caused root inhibition, leaf curling, smaller flowers, and yellowing.
- GpTCP10 was specifically expressed in leaf and floral tissues, with higher expression in smaller-flowered G. paniculata varieties.

## Abstract

TCP transcription factors constitute a key regulatory family in plants, playing crucial roles in plant growth and development. Although this gene family has been extensively studied across diverse plant species, research in Gypsophila paniculata remains limited. Through genome-wide identification and analysis, this study identified 17 GpTCP in G. paniculata. Our analysis revealed that all GpTCP proteins contain a conserved TCP domain, with subcellular localization predictions indicating nuclear localization. Promoter analysis identified multiple cis-regulatory elements associated with plant organ development and growth regulation. Chromosomal synteny studies showed that gene expansion within the G. paniculata TCP gene family occurred after subfamily differentiation. Over-expression of GpTCP10 in Arabidopsis thaliana caused root development inhibition, leaf curling, smaller flowers, and yellowing of flowers. Further studies showed that in two normally growing G. paniculata varieties with different flower sizes, GpTCP10 was specifically expressed in leaf and floral tissues, with significantly higher expression levels in the smaller-flowered G. paniculata. These findings reveal the evolutionary characteristics of the TCP family in G. paniculata, and highlight the role of GpTCP10 in regulating organ growth and development in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and floral organ size in G. paniculata.