# The Enhancement of Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis via Heterologous Overexpression of TcDHN1, a Dehydrin Identified in the Recalcitrant Seeds of Taxillus chinensis

## TL;DR

A dehydrin gene from Taxillus chinensis seeds improves stress tolerance in Arabidopsis when overexpressed, offering potential for breeding more resilient medicinal plants.

## Contribution

Functional characterization of TcDHN1, a dehydrin gene from recalcitrant seeds, reveals its role in enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in plants.

## Key findings

- Heterologous overexpression of TcDHN1 in Arabidopsis improved germination and growth under salt, drought, and cold stresses.
- Transgenic plants showed increased antioxidant enzyme activity and upregulated stress-responsive genes like AtRD29A and AtHSP70-1.
- TcDHN1 does not affect normal growth but enhances abiotic stress resistance in transgenic Arabidopsis.

## Abstract

Taxillus chinensis (DC.) Danser is an important hemiparasitic medicinal plant whose propagation is severely limited by the desiccation sensitivity of its recalcitrant seeds. Dehydrins (DHNs), which protect plants against dehydration-induced stresses such as salinity, drought, and low temperatures, may play a critical role in protecting recalcitrant seeds. However, the role of DHNs in the seeds of T. chinensis remains unclear. In this study, a differentially expressed gene was identified from the seed transcriptome of T. chinensis and designated TcDHN1. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses revealed that TcDHN1 encodes a dehydrin protein. Heterologous overexpression of TcDHN1 in Arabidopsis did not affect growth under normal conditions. Under salt, drought, and cold stresses, transgenic lines exhibited higher seed germination rates, longer primary roots, and improved seedling growth compared with wild-type (WT) plants. The transgenic lines showed significantly increased activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase. In addition, ectopic overexpression of TcDHN1 in Arabidopsis conferred enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses compared to WT plants, accompanied by increased expression of the stress-responsive genes Responsive to Desiccation 29A (AtRD29A) and Heat Shock Protein 70-1 (AtHSP70-1). The above results indicate that TcDHN1 confers enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses. This study provides a functional characterization of an abiotic stress-responsive gene from recalcitrant seeds and identifies a potential genetic resource for molecular breeding. This could potentially improve abiotic stress resistance in T. chinensis and related medicinal plants.