# Community Knowledge, Risk Perception and Health-Seeking Behaviour Toward Rabies in Ghana: One Health Implications

## TL;DR

This study in Ghana finds that many people lack detailed knowledge about rabies and rely on home remedies instead of proper medical care after dog bites.

## Contribution

The study provides updated evidence on rabies-related knowledge and practices in Ghana within a One Health framework.

## Key findings

- Only 68% of respondents had heard of rabies, and 42% correctly identified dogs as the main source of transmission.
- 36% of respondents used home remedies or traditional treatments after suspected rabies exposure.
- Dog vaccination coverage was 31.1%, insufficient to interrupt rabies transmission.

## Abstract

Rabies remains a zoonotic public health problem in Ghana despite the availability of effective preventive measures, including mass dog vaccination and timely post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). We conducted a community-based cross-sectional mixed-methods study between June and December 2025 to assess rabies-related knowledge, risk perception, health-seeking behaviour following dog bites, and dog vaccination practices within a One Health framework. Structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 450 adults from selected urban and rural communities in the Greater Accra, Ashanti, and Bono East regions, supplemented by focus group discussions. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression. Overall, 68% of respondents had heard of rabies; however, detailed knowledge of transmission and prevention was limited, with 189 (42.0%) correctly identifying dogs as the main source of transmission. Following suspected exposure, 162 (36.0%) reported using home remedies or traditional treatments. Dog vaccination coverage was 31.1%, below the level required to interrupt transmission. Educational level, place of residence, and prior dog-bite exposure were significantly associated with rabies knowledge, health-seeking behaviour, and vaccination practices (p < 0.05). This study provides updated evidence on community rabies knowledge, risk perception, and preventive practices, highlighting behavioural and structural gaps that may hinder effective control in Ghana.