# Developmental Differences in Gaze Behaviors and Performance During Basketball Free Throws in Youth Athletes

## TL;DR

This study found that older and more experienced youth basketball players have better free-throw accuracy, but gaze behaviors like Quiet Eye duration don't directly predict success.

## Contribution

The study reveals that age and training experience, not gaze behaviors, are key predictors of free-throw performance in youth athletes.

## Key findings

- Shooting accuracy is moderately correlated with age and training experience.
- Total fixation duration is positively associated with training experience.
- Neither age nor experience predicts cognitive workload during free throws.

## Abstract

(1) Background: This study investigated developmental differences in gaze behaviors and performance during basketball free throws among youth athletes. (2) Methods: Forty-six male youth basketball players (U14, U16, U18) each performed 30 standardized free throws while wearing Tobii Pro Glasses 3 to record gaze data (Quiet Eye duration and Total Fixation duration). Shooting accuracy and cognitive workload (NASA-TLX) were also collected. One-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted to examine age-related differences and the relationships between gaze behavior and performance. (3) Results: Shooting accuracy was moderately correlated with chronological age (r = 0.386, p = 0.010) and training experience (r = 0.367, p = 0.010), and total fixation duration was positively associated with training experience (r = 0.338, p = 0.025). Regression analyses showed that training experience predicted total fixation duration, and both age and experience predicted shooting accuracy when considered separately (p < 0.05), but neither predicted cognitive workload (p > 0.05). Age and training experience were positively associated with shot success. (4) Conclusions: In the youth free-throw task, Quiet Eye duration and total fixation duration were highly correlated but did not independently predict shooting success, while shooting performance was more strongly associated with age and training experience, and perceived cognitive workload remained stable across age groups.