# The Use of Recycled Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)/Amorphous Polyester Blends/Composites in Materials Extrusion (MEX) Additive Manufacturing Techniques: The Influence of Talc and Carbon Fiber on the Mechanical Performance and Hear Resistance

## TL;DR

This study explores how adding carbon fiber and talc to recycled plastic blends improves their strength and heat resistance for 3D printing.

## Contribution

The novelty lies in using recycled PET blends with carbon fiber and talc to enhance mechanical and thermal properties for MEX additive manufacturing.

## Key findings

- Adding 10% carbon fiber increased tensile modulus from 1.6 GPa to 2.9 GPa and strength from 31 MPa to 45 MPa.
- Annealed carbon fiber-modified materials showed a maximum heat deflection temperature of around 170 °C.
- Heat treatment significantly improved heat resistance, with Vicat/HDT results rising from around 70 °C to much higher values.

## Abstract

The conducted study was focused on the development of a new type of polymer blends intended for additive manufacturing applications, in particular, the material extrusion method (MEX). The developed materials were prepared from recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) and amorphous copolymers poly(ethylene terephthalate-glycol) (PETG), and poly(cyclohexylenedimethyl terephthalate-glycol) (PCTG). The basic blend systems were additionally modified with POE-g-GMA impact modifier (IM) during the reactive extrusion process. The main aim of the work was to assess the effectiveness of using composite additives and their influence on the mechanical and thermomechanical parameters of the tested systems. To prepare the composites, selected polymer blends were modified with 10% of talc (T) and carbon fibers (CF). The properties evaluation includes the mechanical/thermomechanical testing, thermal analysis and structural observations. The accuracy of printing was measured using optical scanning methods. The test results indicate that even the relatively small amount of the CF filler could lead to a significant increase in tensile modulus from reference 1.6 GPa to 2.9 GPa; the same improvement applies to strength values, where the CF-modified materials reached 45 MPa, compared to the reference 31 MPa. The heat deflection tests (0.455 MPa) after annealing revealed the maximum HDT of around 170 °C for both types of CF-modified materials. The Vicat test results were also favorable for annealed materials. Considering that the Vicat/HDT results after the 3D-printing process usually reach around 70 °C, the performed heat treatment strongly enhanced the heat resistance for most of the prepared blends. The performed studies revealed that for most of the prepared materials, the brittleness was a common drawback for both MEX-printed and injection-molded materials.