# Report from the 31st Meeting on Toxinology, “Toxins: Playing with and Fighting Them!”, Organized by the French Society for Toxinology on 1–2 December 2025

**Authors:** Sylvie Diochot, Raphaële Le Garrec, Michel M. Dugon, Pascale Marchot

PMC · DOI: 10.3390/toxins18030138 · Toxins · 2026-03-11

## TL;DR

This report summarizes the 31st annual meeting of the French Society for Toxinology, highlighting recent research on toxins and their applications.

## Contribution

The paper provides a detailed summary of the meeting's presentations and awards, showcasing advancements in toxinology.

## Key findings

- The meeting featured 26 oral and 18 poster presentations on toxins from various sources.
- Nine invited lectures and 14 selected lectures were included in the report.
- Awards were given to recognize outstanding contributions from young researchers.

## Abstract

The French Society for Toxinology (SFET) held its 31st annual meeting (RT31) on 1–2 December 2025 at Hôtel Le Saint Paul in Nice, France, on the famous French Riviera. The meeting, which gathered 75 participants from around the world, was organised there for the second consecutive year, while previous editions were all held in Paris. The RT31 main theme, “Toxins: Playing with and fighting them”, explored recent, cutting-edge research in the field of animal venoms and of toxins from algal, animal, bacterial, fungal, plant and microbial origins, in emphasizing the evolution of the toxins, their modes of action and roles, and ways of counteracting intoxinations. These key topics were largely covered through 26 oral and 18 poster communications, organized into three main thematic areas covering three specific aspects of toxinology, along with a traditional fourth, more general session enabling participants to present recent data outside of these themes but nevertheless providing valuable information to the field. This report presents the abstracts of nine of the invited lectures, 14 of the selected lectures, and 16 of the posters, in accordance with the authors’ agreement to publish them. Also, we announce the winners of the “Best Oral Communication” and “Best Poster Communication” awards, which recognize the outstanding contributions of young researchers and their inventive work in toxinology.

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** CDH5 (cadherin 5) [NCBI Gene 1003] {aka 7B4, CD144}, CHRNA4 (cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit) [NCBI Gene 1137] {aka BFNC, EBN, EBN1, NACHR, NACHRA4, NACRA4}, IL6 (interleukin 6) [NCBI Gene 3569] {aka BSF-2, BSF2, CDF, HGF, HSF, IFN-beta-2}, B3gnt9 (UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 9) [NCBI Gene 97440] {aka 3-Gn-T9, B3gnt9-ps, BGnT-9, beta-1, beta3Gn-T9}, Cxcl10 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10) [NCBI Gene 15945] {aka C7, CRG-2, INP10, IP-10, IP10, Ifi10}, Pla2g5 (phospholipase A2, group V) [NCBI Gene 18784] {aka PLA2, PLA2-10, sPLA2}, QRSL1 (glutaminyl-tRNA amidotransferase subunit QRSL1) [NCBI Gene 55278] {aka COXPD40, GatA}, AP2B1 (adaptor related protein complex 2 subunit beta 1) [NCBI Gene 163] {aka ADTB2, AP105B, AP2-BETA, CLAPB1}, TRPV1 (transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1) [NCBI Gene 7442] {aka VR1}, SLC17A5 (solute carrier family 17 member 5) [NCBI Gene 26503] {aka AST, ISSD, NSD, SD, SIALIN, SIASD}, Pik3r1 (phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1) [NCBI Gene 18708] {aka PI3K, p50alpha, p55alpha, p85alpha}, ACE (angiotensin I converting enzyme) [NCBI Gene 1636] {aka ACE1, CD143, DCP, DCP1}, Nfkb1 (nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105) [NCBI Gene 18033] {aka NF-KB1, NF-kappaB, NF-kappaB1, p105, p50, p50/p105}, SEPTIN4 (septin 4) [NCBI Gene 5414] {aka ARTS, BRADEION, C17orf47, CE5B3, H5, MART}, Mbp (myelin basic protein) [NCBI Gene 17196] {aka Hmbpr, golli-mbp, jve, mld, shi}, PPARG (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma) [NCBI Gene 5468] {aka CIMT1, FPLD3, GLM1, NR1C3, PPARG1, PPARG2}, Epsilon toxin [NCBI Gene 7003474], Akt1 (Akt serine/threonine kinase 1) [NCBI Gene 11651] {aka Akt, LTR-akt, PKB, PKB/Akt, PKBalpha, Rac}, TNF (tumor necrosis factor) [NCBI Gene 7124] {aka DIF, IMD127, TNF-alpha, TNFA, TNFSF2, TNLG1F}, DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4) [NCBI Gene 1803] {aka ADABP, ADCP2, CD26, DPPIV, TP103}, Il6 (interleukin 6) [NCBI Gene 16193] {aka Il-6}, IL4I1 (interleukin 4 induced 1) [NCBI Gene 259307] {aka FIG1, LAAO, LAO, hIL4I1}, SHPK (sedoheptulokinase) [NCBI Gene 23729] {aka CARKL, SHK}, Itgav (integrin alpha V) [NCBI Gene 16410] {aka 1110004F14Rik, 2610028E01Rik, CD51, D430040G12Rik}, VN1R17P (vomeronasal 1 receptor 17 pseudogene) [NCBI Gene 441931] {aka GPCR}, CD79A (CD79a molecule) [NCBI Gene 973] {aka IGA, IGAlpha, MB-1, MB1}, VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth factor A) [NCBI Gene 7422] {aka L-VEGF, MVCD1, VEGF, VPF}, Mtor (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase) [NCBI Gene 56717] {aka 2610315D21Rik, FRAP, FRAP2, Frap1, RAFT1, RAPT1}, MRGPRX2 (MAS related GPR family member X2) [NCBI Gene 117194] {aka MGRG3, MRGX2}, CNR1 (cannabinoid receptor 1) [NCBI Gene 1268] {aka CANN6, CB-R, CB1, CB1A, CB1K5, CB1R}, IL10 (interleukin 10) [NCBI Gene 3586] {aka CSIF, GVHDS, IL-10, IL10A, TGIF}, ART3 (ADP-ribosyltransferase 3 (inactive)) [NCBI Gene 419] {aka ARTC3}, INS (insulin) [NCBI Gene 3630] {aka IDDM, IDDM1, IDDM2, ILPR, IRDN, MODY10}
- **Diseases:** cytotoxic peptides (MESH:C565529), metastasis (MESH:D009362), fungal (MESH:D009181), pneumonia (MESH:D011014), death (MESH:D003643), Neuroinflammatory and Demyelinating Disorders (MESH:D003711), tumorigenesis (MESH:D063646), platelet aggregation (MESH:D001791), lethargy (MESH:D053609), learning difficulty (MESH:D007859), dystonia (MESH:D004421), sensory neuropathic disorders (MESH:C000726768), itch (MESH:D011537), fatalities (MESH:C565541), Legionnaires' disease (MESH:D007877), MD (MESH:D013575), injury to (MESH:D014947), Infection (MESH:D007239), diabetes (MESH:D003920), enterotoxemia (MESH:D004767), neuropathy (MESH:D009422), abortions (MESH:D000026), Scorpion Envenomation (MESH:D065008), Neurodegenerative disorders (MESH:D019636), Pain (MESH:D010146), detrusor overactivity (MESH:D053201), cardiovascular complications (MESH:D002318), Toxicity (MESH:D064420), Tropical Disease (MESH:D015493), Parkinson's disease (MESH:D010300), cognitive and learning difficulties (MESH:D003072), Neurotoxic (MESH:D020258), UUI (MESH:D014549), channelopathies (MESH:D053447), hepatocellular carcinoma (MESH:D006528), neuroinflammation (MESH:D000090862), spinal cord injury (MESH:D013119), organ defects (MESH:D000092124), agitation (MESH:D011595), glioblastoma (MESH:D005909), pressure ulcer (MESH:D003668), EB (MESH:C535428), tissue (MESH:D017695), somite malformation (MESH:C537371), polyuria (MESH:D011141), MS (MESH:D009103), Cancer (MESH:D009369), weight loss (MESH:D015431), hyperactivity of the orbicularis oculi muscles (MESH:D009135), absence (MESH:D004832), cold allodynia (MESH:D006930), blepharospasm (MESH:D001764), blindness (MESH:D001766), blood coagulation (MESH:D001778), autoimmune diseases (MESH:D001327), neglected tropical disease (MESH:D058069), occipital (MESH:D006259), coma (MESH:D003128), cobra bite (MESH:D001733), RRMS (MESH:D020529)
- **Chemicals:** cGMP (MESH:D006152), ion (MESH:D007477), crystal violet (MESH:D005840), jarastatin (MESH:C121483), disintegrin (MESH:D019483), microcystin (MESH:C078588), disulfide (MESH:D004220), alanine (MESH:D000409), calcium (MESH:D002118), Botulinum Toxin Bont/A1 (-), methicillin (MESH:D008712), cuprizone (MESH:D003471), ADP (MESH:D000244), Dexamethasone (MESH:D003907), mambaquaretin-1 (MESH:C000627335), capsaicin (MESH:D002211), DAPI (MESH:C007293), CTX (MESH:D002922), 20-hydroxyecdysone (MESH:D004441), CBD (MESH:D002185), peptide (MESH:D010455), microcystins (MESH:D052998), RTX (MESH:C024353), H2O2 (MESH:D006861), PI (MESH:D010716), Cysteine- (MESH:D003545), phospholipids (MESH:D010743), -Selenocysteine (MESH:D017279), phosphate (MESH:D010710), creatinine (MESH:D003404), water (MESH:D014867), glycine (MESH:D005998), Se (MESH:D012643), cyclic nucleotide (MESH:D009712), sulfur (MESH:D013455), alkaloids (MESH:D000470), ATP (MESH:D000255), cUMP (MESH:C045338), OTA (MESH:C025589)
- **Species:** Bacteria Latreille et al. 1825 (Bacteria stick insect, genus) [taxon 629395], Danio rerio (leopard danio, species) [taxon 7955], Bothrops jararaca (jararaca, species) [taxon 8724], Eresus cinnaberinus (ladybird spider, species) [taxon 175337], Serpentes (snakes, infraorder) [taxon 8570], Hogna radiata (species) [taxon 1296365], Urtica (genus) [taxon 3500], Zoropsis spinimana (species) [taxon 1304667], Vespa basalis (species) [taxon 7444], Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Mauritania vine reed, species) [taxon 66000], Bos taurus (bovine, species) [taxon 9913], Uroctea durandi (species) [taxon 407823], Staphylococcus aureus (species) [taxon 1280], Vespa velutina (species) [taxon 202808], Mus musculus (house mouse, species) [taxon 10090], Provespa barthelemyi (species) [taxon 743389], Urtica ferox (species) [taxon 1435581], Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly, species) [taxon 7227], Tegenaria domestica (species) [taxon 209516], Androctonus crassicauda (black scorpion, species) [taxon 122909], Echis romani (species) [taxon 2662311], Ovis aries (domestic sheep, species) [taxon 9940], Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606], Dysdera crocata (species) [taxon 58764], Actiniaria (actinians, order) [taxon 6103], Trichodesmium erythraeum (species) [taxon 1206], Crotalus durissus terrificus (cascabel, subspecies) [taxon 8732], Diptera (flies, order) [taxon 7147], Aeromonas hydrophila (species) [taxon 644], Scorpiones (scorpions, order) [taxon 6855], Callobius claustrarius (species) [taxon 1906970], Anthozoa (anthozoans, class) [taxon 6101], Tityus serrulatus (Brazilian scorpion, species) [taxon 6887], Gnaphosa lucifuga (species) [taxon 1907001], Selamia reticulata (species) [taxon 2033149], Cheiracanthium sp. (species) [taxon 2978794], Rattus norvegicus (brown rat, species) [taxon 10116], Filistata insidiatrix (species) [taxon 94012], Naja kaouthia (monocled cobra, species) [taxon 8649], Palpimanus gibbulus (species) [taxon 1956333], Clostridium perfringens (species) [taxon 1502], Legionella pneumophila (species) [taxon 446], Capra hircus (domestic goat, species) [taxon 9925], Misumena vatia (species) [taxon 1100095], Pseudomonas aeruginosa (species) [taxon 287], Tityus metuendus (species) [taxon 2203750], Argiope bruennichi (species) [taxon 94029], Pisaura mirabilis (species) [taxon 1155755], Echis ocellatus (species) [taxon 99586], Bothrops moojeni (Brazilian lancehead, species) [taxon 98334], Vespa mandarinia (Asian giant hornet, species) [taxon 7446], Pachycondyla (genus) [taxon 118887], Chlorella sp. DT (species) [taxon 866554], Steatoda sp. (species) [taxon 2812784], Philaeus chrysops (species) [taxon 569923], Vipera berus berus (common viper, subspecies) [taxon 31156], Escherichia coli (E. coli, species) [taxon 562], Dendrocnide (genus) [taxon 647262], Tityus (genus) [taxon 6886]
- **Mutations:** 51 leucine-arginine
- **Cell lines:** JEG-3 — Homo sapiens (Human), Gestational choriocarcinoma, Cancer cell line (CVCL_0363), MCF-7 — Homo sapiens (Human), Invasive breast carcinoma of no special type, Cancer cell line (CVCL_0031), HEK — Homo sapiens (Human), Transformed cell line (CVCL_0045), HepG2 — Homo sapiens (Human), Hepatoblastoma, Cancer cell line (CVCL_0027), S2 — Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly), Spontaneously immortalized cell line (CVCL_Z232), U87 — Homo sapiens (Human), Glioblastoma, Cancer cell line (CVCL_0022), BeWo — Homo sapiens (Human), Gestational choriocarcinoma, Cancer cell line (CVCL_0044), MDA-MB-231 — Homo sapiens (Human), Breast adenocarcinoma, Cancer cell line (CVCL_0062)

## Full text

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## Figures

4 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC13030319/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC13030319