# Compact Modified Quatrefoil-Shaped Antenna with Dual-Circularly Polarized 28/38 GHz for 5G and Beyond Millimeter-Wave Applications

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a small, efficient antenna for 5G millimeter-wave communication at 28 and 38 GHz, offering strong circular polarization performance.

## Contribution

A compact dual-band circularly polarized antenna with high efficiency and small size for 5G and beyond millimeter-wave applications is proposed.

## Key findings

- The antenna achieves axial ratios of 1.4 dB at 28 GHz and 2.2 dB at 38 GHz.
- Radiation efficiency is ~87% at 28 GHz and ~82% at 38 GHz with peak gains of 7.5 dBi and 5.5 dBi.
- The design is suitable for space-constrained millimeter-wave front-end integration.

## Abstract

This paper presents a compact dual-band circularly polarized (CP) antenna designed for millimeter-wave applications at 28 and 38 GHz, which are critical for emerging 5G and beyond wireless communication systems. The single-element antenna features an ultra-small radiating patch of size 3.34 mm × 3.34 mm and overall substrate footprint of 8 mm × 16 mm, implemented on a Rogers RO3003 substrate with a relative permittivity of 3 and thickness of 0.25 mm, making it highly suitable for space-constrained millimeter-wave front-end integration. Circular polarization is successfully achieved at both bands, with measured axial ratios of 1.4 dB at 28 GHz and 2.2 dB at 38 GHz. Surface current distribution is thoroughly analyzed at both frequencies, showing proper rotation and confirming the antenna’s ability to generate strong circular polarization. The antenna also exhibits high radiation efficiency (~87% at 28 GHz and ~82% at 38 GHz) and peak realized gains of 7.5 dBi and 5.5 dBi, respectively. Measured results demonstrate excellent impedance matching, stable radiation patterns, and strong agreement with simulations. The combination of compact size, robust CP performance, and efficient radiation makes the proposed antenna a promising candidate for circularly polarized millimeter-wave systems, including 5G base stations, user equipment, and future high-frequency wireless platforms.