# Fabrication of Fluorinated Magnetic Covalent Organic Frameworks for the Extraction of Fluoroquinolone Residues Coupled with HPLC Detection

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new method using fluorinated magnetic materials to detect antibiotic residues in food, offering high sensitivity and accuracy.

## Contribution

A novel fluorinated magnetic covalent organic framework is developed for efficient extraction and detection of fluoroquinolones in food samples.

## Key findings

- The method achieved a wide linear range (1–250 µg·kg−1) and low detection limits (0.5–0.7 µg·kg−1).
- Recoveries of fluoroquinolones in chicken samples ranged from 84.2–106.7% with RSDs below 7.8%.
- The method demonstrates high efficiency and sensitivity for monitoring antibiotic residues in food.

## Abstract

Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are a kind of antibiotics, which are widely used in animal husbandry and aquaculture. However, the abuse of FQs can result in residues in foodstuffs of animal origin. Therefore, it is essential to establish a sensitive and accurate detection method for determination of FQs in food samples. An effective sample pretreatment method is a crucial procedure for enrichment of trace target compounds from complex matrix before HPLC analysis. As an emerging kind of sample pretreatment methods, magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) has attracted much interest due to its characteristics including low cost, simplicity, and rapidity. In this study, a novel fluorinated magnetic covalent organic framework (Fe3O4@PDA@COF) was fabricated, which was used as an adsorbent in MSPE as well as coupled with HPLC to determine FQs in food samples. Under optimal conditions, the developed Fe3O4@PDA@COF-MSPE-HPLC-UV method possessed a wide linear range (1–250 µg·kg−1) and low limits of detection (0.5–0.7 µg·kg−1) with good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9938). Additionally, the method has been used to adsorb FQs from chicken samples. The recoveries of target FQs in spiked samples were 84.2–106.7% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 7.8%. These results demonstrated that the established method provides an efficient and sensitive solution for monitoring FQ residues in foodstuffs.