# Prophylactic Potential of Heyndrickxia coagulans Strain LMG S-24828 in an In Vitro Model of ESBL–Escherichia coli Urothelial Infection

## TL;DR

This study explores how a specific strain of Heyndrickxia coagulans may help prevent urinary tract infections caused by antibiotic-resistant E. coli.

## Contribution

The novel contribution is demonstrating the prophylactic potential of H. coagulans LMG S-24828 in an in vitro model of ESBL-producing E. coli urothelial infection.

## Key findings

- H. coagulans LMG S-24828 reduced E. coli growth in vitro.
- The strain impaired E. coli adhesion to T24 urothelial cells.
- It modulated cytokine production in infected urothelial cells.

## Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections and represent a significant health concern worldwide. The most common cause of these infections is the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli), an opportunistic commensal of the human gut that can shift to pathogenicity, leading to a wide variety of diseases. The increasing ability of E. coli to develop resistance to various classes of antibiotics underscores the urgent need for alternative approaches to clear up infections caused by this species. In this study, we analyzed the possible beneficial role of Heyndrickxia coagulans (H. coagulans) strain LMG S-24828 in an in vitro model of T24 urothelial cells infection by ESBL-producing E. coli. Our results showed that H. coagulans LMG S-24828 was able to: (i) reduce E. coli growth; (ii) impair E. coli adhesion to T24 urothelial cells; and (iii) modulate cytokine production by T24 urothelial cells per se and after E. coli infection. Collectively, these findings indicate a beneficial effect of H. coagulans strain LMG S-24828 against an ESBL–E. coli isolate in an in vitro model of T24 urothelial cell infection.