# Dynamic Analysis of Bi-Stable Galloping Energy Harvesters Under Random Excitation

## TL;DR

This paper studies how random disturbances affect energy harvesters that convert flow-induced vibrations into electricity.

## Contribution

A new theoretical framework using variable transformation and stochastic averaging is proposed to analyze bi-stable energy harvesters under random excitation.

## Key findings

- Noise intensity and aerodynamic coefficient significantly influence the system's dynamic response.
- Stiffness coefficient and wind speed also have notable effects on the mean-square voltage output.

## Abstract

The flow-induced vibration energy harvester provides a solution to the power supply problem for low-power sensors. However, in practical engineering applications, flow-induced vibration energy harvesters often operate in complex environments and are inevitably affected by random external disturbances. Therefore, it is necessary to study the dynamic response of flow-induced vibration energy harvesters under random excitations. In this paper, a bi-stable galloping piezoelectric energy harvesting system is transformed into an equivalent decoupled system through variable transformation. The stochastic averaging method (SAM) of an energy envelope is used to calculate the energy harvester response under random excitation. The validity of the proposed theoretical framework is further confirmed through Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, followed by a systematic analysis of the effects of key parameters on the mean-square voltage output. The results show that noise intensity, aerodynamic coefficient, stiffness coefficient, and wind speed have significant effects on the dynamic response of the system.