# Calcium Phosphate Bone Substitutes in the Prevention of Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: A Review

## TL;DR

This review explores how calcium phosphate biomaterials can prevent jaw bone death caused by bisphosphonate drugs, offering a promising preventive strategy.

## Contribution

The paper evaluates synthetic calcium phosphate biomaterials as a novel preventive approach for bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.

## Key findings

- Calcium phosphates interact chemically with bisphosphonates, reducing their toxicity at jaw wound sites.
- Synthetic calcium phosphate biomaterials promote healing and prevent osteonecrosis when used in dental procedures.
- Evidence supports the clinical use of these materials for preventing bisphosphonate-related jaw complications.

## Abstract

Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is characterized by exposed necrotic bone that often progresses with increasing pain and impaired quality of life. Zoledronate, the most potent and widely used bisphosphonate, has been strongly associated with BRONJ development following invasive dental procedures. Given the rising incidence of BRONJ, understanding and implementing effective preventive strategies have become imperative. Biomaterials based on synthetic hydroxyapatite and beta-tricalcium phosphate have been investigated as potential preventive agents. Their therapeutic rationale is supported by two key principles: the well-documented chemical interaction of calcium phosphates with bisphosphonates when used as drug carriers, and the established clinical use of synthetic calcium phosphate biomaterials in dentistry for bone regeneration. This review examines the underlying mechanisms of this preventive therapeutic strategy and evaluates studies investigating synthetic calcium phosphate biomaterials for BRONJ prevention through zoledronate adsorption at jaw wound sites, thereby reducing soft tissue toxicity and promoting healing. The evidence supports the protective effect of these biomaterials as a scientifically grounded preventive approach for BRONJ.