# Evaluation of the Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Calcium-Silicate-Based Root-End Filling Materials

## TL;DR

This study evaluates a new calcium-silicate-based dental material, finding it becomes cytocompatible over time and outperforms others in long-term cell activity and physicochemical properties.

## Contribution

The study introduces Bio-C Repair as a novel root-end filling material with improved long-term biological performance compared to existing options.

## Key findings

- Bio-C Repair (BR) showed significantly higher alkalinity and calcium ion release than ProRoot MTA (P) over 28 days.
- BR demonstrated favorable cytocompatibility by day 28, with cell activity comparable to controls and other materials.
- BR exhibited significant mass gain and water sorption, unlike ProRoot MTA which showed mass loss.

## Abstract

This study compared the physicochemical and biological properties of Bio-C Repair (BR), a new putty-type calcium silicate-based material, with ProRoot MTA (P) and Super-Bond (SB). Discs of the three materials were prepared. Human periodontal ligament cells were seeded onto the discs, and metabolic activity was assessed by MTT assay on days 7 and 28; cells without discs served as the negative control (NC). Moreover, the pH and calcium ion concentration of the eluate, the mass change, and the water sorption were investigated. On day 7, BR showed significantly lower cell activity than P and NC. However, by day 28, BR activity increased significantly, with no significant difference relative to other groups, whereas P activity was significantly suppressed relative to SB and NC. Physiochemically, BR maintained a significantly higher alkalinity (pH ~11.0) and greater calcium ion release than P throughout the 28 days. Furthermore, BR exhibited significant mass gain (15.7%) and the highest water sorption (15.4%), whereas P showed mass loss (−1.1%). Although the high pH of BR initially suppressed cell activity, it demonstrated favorable cytocompatibility by day 28. BR showed a significantly improved long-term cellular response compared to P, suggesting it is a promising alternative as a root-end filling material.