# Full-Field Assessment of Damage Evolution in Compressed Masonry with Bed Joint Reinforcement Using Digital Image Correlation

## TL;DR

This study shows that bed joint reinforcement in masonry does not increase strength but helps control cracks, using digital image correlation to track damage.

## Contribution

The study demonstrates that bed joint reinforcement acts as crack control rather than structural strengthening in compressed masonry.

## Key findings

- Bed joint reinforcement does not increase compressive load-bearing capacity.
- Steel truss reinforcement promotes strain redistribution and delays crack localization.
- Full-field DIC reveals detailed damage evolution not captured by global measurements.

## Abstract

Bed joint reinforcement does not increase the compressive strength of masonry.

Steel truss reinforcement promotes the redistribution of compressive strains.

DIC reveals strain localisation patterns not visible in global measurements.

Bed joint reinforcement acts mainly as crack control rather than strengthening.

Full-field DIC improves assessment of damage evolution in masonry.

Global force-based indicators may not capture damage mechanisms.

This experimental study investigates the influence of selected bed joint reinforcement systems on the evolution of damage and crack development in masonry elements subjected to axial compression. Autoclaved aerated concrete masonry samples reinforced with steel truss reinforcement, unidirectional carbon fibre mesh and steel cords embedded in a fibreglass matrix were tested and compared to an unreinforced reference specimen. Full-field deformation and strain localisation were monitored using digital image correlation (DIC). The results indicate that bed joint reinforcement does not lead to a measurable increase in compressive load-bearing capacity, as differences in ultimate load remain within experimental uncertainty. However, clear differences in the evolution and spatial distribution of damage were observed. Steel truss reinforcement promoted strain redistribution and delayed localisation of tensile strains, while the remaining reinforcement systems exhibited only limited influence on crack morphology. The findings confirm that bed joint reinforcement in compressed masonry should be classified as a nonstructural solution and demonstrate the diagnostic value of full-field deformation monitoring for assessing damage evolution and crack control in masonry structures.