# Fatigue Life Prediction of TC4 Titanium Alloy Bolted Structures in Thermal Environments Below 400 °C Using an Enhanced DFR Method

## TL;DR

This study improves fatigue life prediction for TC4 titanium bolts in aerospace applications at temperatures up to 400 °C using an enhanced DFR method.

## Contribution

The novel contribution is an enhanced DFR method for predicting fatigue life of TC4 titanium bolted structures at moderate elevated temperatures up to 400 °C.

## Key findings

- The enhanced DFR method improves fatigue life estimation accuracy by 9.29% compared to conventional methods.
- The method was validated using experimental data from TC4 titanium alloy specimens tested at 20 °C, 200 °C, and 400 °C.
- The enhanced model is effective for evaluating fatigue performance of TC4 bolted structures under thermal conditions below 400 °C.

## Abstract

TC4 titanium alloy bolted structures are extensively utilized in aerospace engineering, particularly within the heat-affected zones of aircraft engines. However, current studies have predominantly focused on fatigue fracture of titanium alloys at temperatures exceeding 400 °C, leaving a gap in accurate fatigue life prediction for TC4 bolted structures subjected to moderate elevated temperatures up to 400 °C. To address this limitation, this study proposes an enhanced detail fatigue rating (DFR) method that is applicable to fatigue life prediction of TC4 bolted structures under thermal environments not exceeding 400 °C. Firstly, fatigue life data were acquired from base material specimens of TC4 titanium alloy tested at 20 °C, 200 °C, and 400 °C. Secondly, an enhanced DFR method that considered the temperature-dependent thermal influence was established based on the experimental results. The enhanced DFR approach was then applied to predict the fatigue life of double-shear TC4 bolted structures, and the results were compared with those obtained via the conventional DFR method. The findings demonstrate that the enhanced DFR method improves the average fatigue life estimation accuracy by 9.29% over the conventional DFR method within the 20~400 °C range. This establishes the proposed model as a highly promising tool for evaluating the fatigue performance of TC4 bolted structures under elevated thermal conditions below 400 °C.