# Mechanical and Environmental Performance of Concrete Incorporating Post-Consumer Plastics and E-Waste

## TL;DR

This study explores using recycled plastics and e-waste in concrete, finding a balance between environmental benefits and reduced structural strength.

## Contribution

The novel use of grounded PCBs as a cement replacement in concrete is introduced, along with an environmental impact analysis.

## Key findings

- Concrete with 10% plastic replacement showed an 11% reduction in compressive strength.
- Using e-waste PCBs as cement replacement reduced environmental impact more significantly than plastic aggregate replacement.
- The environmental benefits of replacing cement with e-waste were greater than replacing sand with plastic.

## Abstract

A significant portion of plastic products is not accepted by curbside recycling companies and goes to landfills or incineration, causing an adverse impact on the environment. This study investigated the effects of utilizing post-consumer plastic and e-waste in concrete. A plastic product made of thermoplastic polypropylene (PP) was ground into fine particles and used for 10% volumetric replacement of sand, while bare printed circuit boards (PCBs) were pulverized into powder and used for 10% cement replacement by mass. This study introduces a unique utilization of grounded powder PCBs by partially replacing cement in concrete. Furthermore, reinforced concrete beams with the replacements were constructed and tested under flexure for structural behavior evaluation. The results of this study show an average of 11% reduction in both the compressive strength of concrete and the maximum load capacity of the beams incorporating plastic products. A life cycle assessment study was conducted using a functional unit of 1.0 cubic yard concrete production. The system boundary for the environmental assessment of the concrete in this study includes only the production phase, which is from the cradle to the end gate of the ready-mix concrete plant. The environmental impact estimation of a 10% reduction in constituents of concrete showed a 10% reduction in most LCA measures where cement was replaced compared to a 1% effect for the fine aggregate replacement.