# Optimization Analysis for Pavement Construction Integrated Optical Fiber Sensors Based on DEM-FDM Coupled Method

## TL;DR

This study uses a coupled DEM-FDM method to optimize the design of optical fiber sensors embedded in pavement structures for better durability and construction efficiency.

## Contribution

The paper introduces a novel DEM-FDM coupled method to analyze the mechanical behavior of optical cables during pavement compaction.

## Key findings

- The maximum contact force of 13.2 mm aggregates in the Z-direction exceeds 150 N during compaction.
- Adding GFRP components and an armored layer reduces stress and displacement by up to 66.7%.
- Thicker armored layers improve resistance to both tension and compression.

## Abstract

Today, distributed optical fiber sensors are widely used in structural health monitoring due to their high sensitivity and long-distance applicability. However, when embedded in pavement structures, distributed optical fiber sensors are always installed in a slotted buried fashion, which not only affects current pavement durability but also reduces pavement construction efficiency. In order to design clear requirements of in situ-embedded distributed optical fiber sensors for pavement construction, this study analyzes the micro-mechanical behavior of optical cables under the ultimate pavement compaction state based on a coupled DEM-FDM approach. According to the study results, it is found that when the pavement subbase was compacted, the maximum contact force of 13.2 mm aggregates in the Z-direction exceeds 150 N, which is the main resistance of the external load during pavement construction. The tight-buffered optical cable without reinforcement element and armored layer cannot withstand the vibration load. The inclusion of GFRP strengthening components and an armored layer decreased maximum stress by 38.2% (X), 30.6% (Y), and 30.9% (Z), as well as displacement by 64.6% (X), 45.5% (Y), and 66.7% (Z). Additionally, the thickness of the outer sheath enhanced the ability to withstand tension but not compression. The increase in the thickness of the armored layer can improve the ability to withstand tension and compression.