# Anti-Inflammatory Diets in Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Multi-Omics Perspectives on the Interplay Between Gut Microbiota, DNA Methylation, and Adipokine Regulation—A Narrative Review

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how anti-inflammatory diets can help manage obesity and metabolic syndrome by considering gut microbiota, DNA methylation, and adipokine regulation.

## Contribution

The paper proposes a multi-omics framework integrating gut microbiota, epigenetics, and metabolomics to support precision nutrition strategies.

## Key findings

- Anti-inflammatory diets focus on improving gut microbiota and reducing chronic inflammation in obesity and metabolic syndrome.
- The proposed diet emphasizes quality macronutrients, including increased omega-3 fatty acids and plant-based sources.
- Polyphenols and fermentable dietary fiber are highlighted for their antioxidant and immunomodulatory benefits.

## Abstract

An anti-inflammatory dietary pattern represents a key component of non-pharmacological management in obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS), as it targets chronic low-grade inflammation, adipose tissue dysfunction, insulin resistance, and disturbances of the gut–metabolic axis. In the present work, we outline a framework for an “omics-based” approach that integrates data on gut microbiota composition and function (metagenomics), adipokine profiles, nutrigenomics, epigenetics, and related transcriptomic and metabolomic layers in order to enable more precise characterization of the metabolic phenotype and to support precision nutrition strategies. The proposed dietary model emphasizes the quality rather than merely the quantity of macronutrients, with particular focus on lipid profile optimization. Specifically, total fat intake is recommended to remain below 30% of total energy through the reduction in saturated fatty acids (SFA), trans fats, and excessive omega-6 fatty acids, alongside increased consumption of omega-3 PUFA (EPA/DHA) and plant-based sources of α-linolenic acid (ALA). Concurrently, greater intake of lean protein sources and low-glycemic-index carbohydrates rich in dietary fibre—particularly fermentable fractions—is recommended. The model also highlights the importance of polyphenols with antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. To enhance feasibility and long-term adherence, recommendations are structured as flexible food substitutions rather than rigid prescriptions. Further well-designed interventional studies are required to confirm the impact of a multi-omics-based anti-inflammatory diet on both molecular and clinical endpoints.