# Validation of Analytical Methodology for Glyphosate Determination and Degradation Assessment with the Silver Arsenate Photocatalyst

## TL;DR

This study develops a reliable method to detect glyphosate in water and shows a new material can efficiently remove it, reducing environmental and health risks.

## Contribution

A validated HPLC-FLD method and a highly efficient Ag3AsO4 photocatalyst for glyphosate removal are introduced.

## Key findings

- The HPLC-FLD method achieved high accuracy with a correlation coefficient of 0.99976 and low detection limits.
- Ag3AsO4 removed 99.46% of glyphosate in 60 minutes under visible light and retained 95% efficiency after three cycles.
- Glyphosate showed cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in biological assays.

## Abstract

Public health relevance—How does this work relate to a public health issue?
The extensive agricultural application of glyphosate leads to water resource contamination, presenting cytotoxic and genotoxic risks to human health and non-target organisms.Effective monitoring and remediation strategies are crucial to mitigate the environmental and public health impacts of herbicide residues in aquatic ecosystems.

The extensive agricultural application of glyphosate leads to water resource contamination, presenting cytotoxic and genotoxic risks to human health and non-target organisms.

Effective monitoring and remediation strategies are crucial to mitigate the environmental and public health impacts of herbicide residues in aquatic ecosystems.

Public health significance—Why is this work of significance to public health?
This study validates a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC-FLD) method that is sensitive, precise, and accurate for quantifying glyphosate, ensuring reliable water quality monitoring.The Silver Arsenate (Ag3AsO4) photocatalyst demonstrates 99.46% removal of glyphosate under visible light, offering an efficient solution for pollutant elimination.

This study validates a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC-FLD) method that is sensitive, precise, and accurate for quantifying glyphosate, ensuring reliable water quality monitoring.

The Silver Arsenate (Ag3AsO4) photocatalyst demonstrates 99.46% removal of glyphosate under visible light, offering an efficient solution for pollutant elimination.

Public health implications—What are the key implications or messages for practitioners, policy makers and/or researchers in public health?
The validated methodology offers a robust, cost-effective tool for assessing water compliance with regulatory herbicide limits.Ag3AsO4 exhibits high stability and reusability with no observed cytotoxicity, highlighting its potential as a sustainable material for advanced water treatment technologies.

The validated methodology offers a robust, cost-effective tool for assessing water compliance with regulatory herbicide limits.

Ag3AsO4 exhibits high stability and reusability with no observed cytotoxicity, highlighting its potential as a sustainable material for advanced water treatment technologies.

Given the extensive use and toxicity of glyphosate, this study aimed to optimize and validate a high-efficiency liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection for its quantification in water, evaluate its photocatalytic degradation using Ag3AsO4, and assess biological toxicity via the Allium cepa test, the MTT assay, and nitric oxide quantification in RAW264.7 cells. The analytical method was successfully validated, exhibiting a correlation coefficient of 0.99976 and limits of detection and quantification of 0.0314 μg L−1 and 0.1048 μg L−1, respectively, with coefficients of variation below 9.05% and recovery rates between 93.84 and 99.41%. Regarding degradation, the Ag3AsO4 photocatalyst achieved a glyphosate removal rate of 99.46% within 60 min under visible light. Furthermore, the material demonstrated high stability and reusability, with only a 5.03% decrease in degradation efficiency after three consecutive cycles. Biological assays indicated that glyphosate possesses cytotoxic and genotoxic potential in the analyzed cells. These findings confirm the effectiveness of Ag3AsO4, highlighting its potential as a candidate material for environmental remediation, although further studies on metal leaching are required.