# Dietary Supplements in Public Health: Benefits, Risks, and Emerging Gel/Hydrogel Delivery Systems

## TL;DR

This paper reviews dietary supplements' benefits and risks, focusing on public health and new delivery systems like gels and hydrogels.

## Contribution

The paper introduces emerging gel/hydrogel delivery systems as innovative solutions for supplement delivery and bioavailability.

## Key findings

- Dietary supplements can address micronutrient shortages and improve performance but pose risks like toxicity and drug interactions.
- Gel and hydrogel systems offer better portability and bioavailability for bioactive compounds.
- These advanced delivery systems are gaining attention in civilian and occupational health contexts.

## Abstract

In recent years, the global use of dietary supplements has surged, largely due to their appeal as tools for improving well-being and preventing disease. While these products may offer clear advantages—such as addressing micronutrient shortages and enhancing physical or mental performance—they also carry significant risks, including toxicity, potential drug interactions, and limited clinical validation. This paper explores the current body of scientific literature on dietary supplements, offering a nuanced analysis of their advantages and drawbacks, particularly in general and military populations. Drawing upon peer-reviewed studies, regulatory documents, and expert guidelines, the review outlines key safety considerations and presents practical recommendations for evidence-based use. In addition to conventional formulations, attention is given to the emergence of nutritional gels and hydrogel-based delivery systems, which are increasingly investigated as strategies to improve portability, gastrointestinal tolerability, and bioavailability of bioactive compounds in high-demand civilian and occupational settings. These platforms illustrate a broader shift toward advanced supplement technologies and precision nutrition approaches.