Histone Modifications in the Cell Cycle of C. elegans Embryogenesis: A Comparative Review

Anati Alyaa Azhar; Hector Mendoza

PMC · DOI:10.3390/epigenomes10010015·February 27, 2026

Histone Modifications in the Cell Cycle of C. elegans Embryogenesis: A Comparative Review

Anati Alyaa Azhar, Hector Mendoza

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TL;DR

This review explores how specific histone modifications influence the cell cycle during C. elegans embryogenesis.

Contribution

The paper provides a comparative analysis of key histone modifications in C. elegans mitotic cell cycles.

Findings

01

Five histone modifications are highlighted as critical during C. elegans embryogenesis.

02

These modifications are well-documented in the context of mitotic cell cycle regulation.

03

The review emphasizes the role of epigenetic marks in chromosome dynamics.

Abstract

Cell division is a highly regulated process that actively involves dynamic changes to the genetic material within the nucleus. DNA is faithfully replicated in the S-Phase of the cell cycle, being converted from loose, relaxed chromatin into tight, condensed chromosomes to be segregated in mitosis. In addition to scaffolding proteins that shape these mitotic chromosomes, post-translational modifications of histones within nucleosomes modulate chromosome dynamics throughout the cell cycle. In this review, we use a comparative approach to highlight some of the major epigenetic marks affected by the cell cycle during embryogenesis of Caenorhabditis elegans: H4K20me1, H3S10ph, H4S1ph, H2AS1ph, and H3T118ph. These five histone post-translational modifications will be specifically highlighted in the context of the mitotic cell cycle, as they are well documented in the C. elegans literature.

Linked entities

Genes, proteins, chemicals, diseases, species, mutations and cell lines named across the full text — each resolved to its canonical identifier and authoritative record.

Genes22

sgo-1 air-1 lsd-1 air-2 Cbx5 hcf-1 his-2 HHT2 His3:CG33854 Rps6ka5 mes-4 set-8 his-28 Ppm1g his-72 Hmgn1 set-1 cec-4 set-4 HHT1 dpy-21 his-51

Proteins22

Species9

Caenorhabditis elegans Badhamia polycephala(species)Mus musculus(house mouse · species)Drosophila melanogaster(fruit fly · species)C. elegans Homo sapiens(human · species)Xenopus laevis(African clawed frog · species)Schizosaccharomyces pombe(fission yeast · species)Saccharomyces cerevisiae(baker's yeast · species)

Cell lines2

HeLa— Homo sapiens (Human) · Human papillomavirus-related endocervical adenocarcinoma · Cancer cell line H3T118ph— Homo sapiens (Human) · q11.2) BCR-ABL1 · Cancer cell line

Chemicals14

threonine imidazole serine H3K9 lipid arginine glutamate amino acids phosphate Lysine S-adenosyl methionine acetyl-CoA Histidine ATP

Diseases4

embryonic death injury to cancer embryonic lethality

Mutations1

threonine 118 to isoleucine

Figures2

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Taxonomy

TopicsGenetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms · DNA Repair Mechanisms · Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics