# Negative Feedback Does Not Reverse Observationally Acquired Binding and Retrieval Effects: A Failed Replication

## TL;DR

This study failed to replicate findings that negative feedback reverses observational learning effects, suggesting feedback does not influence action goal inference.

## Contribution

The study provides a replication attempt and meta-analysis showing no feedback effect on observational stimulus-response binding.

## Key findings

- No modulatory influence of feedback on observational SRBR effects was found in replication.
- Meta-analysis showed no significant effect of vicarious feedback on SR binding retrieval.
- Findings align with recent literature that feedback does not affect SR binding from observation.

## Abstract

In the present study, we ran a replication of the experiment by Giesen et al. (2017) who found reversed observationally acquired stimulus-response binding and retrieval (oSRBR) effects after negative feedback and standard oSRBR effects after positive feedback. This suggests that feedback was used to infer action goals from observed actions, implying that oSRBR effects represent propositional information. However, their findings stand in contrast to recent studies on the influence of affective consequences like feedback on SR bindings stemming from self-performed actions. These studies consistently demonstrate that SR binding and retrieval effects emerge independently of feedback. This raises the question whether the findings by Giesen et al. (2017) reflect an alpha error. In our replication, we found no evidence for a modulatory influence of feedback on oSRBR effects. A meta-analysis with the data from Giesen et al. (2017) and our experiment revealed no significant modulatory effect of vicarious feedback on retrieval of observationally acquired SR bindings. In concert with recent literature, this implies that feedback information was not used to infer action goals, providing no evidence that oSRBR effects represent propositional information.