# Simultaneous Determination of Glucose and Cholesterol in Milk Samples by Means of a Screen-Printed Biosensor and Artificial Neural Networks

**Authors:** Jessica Torres-Gámez, José A. Rodríguez, María Elena Páez-Hernández, Carlos A. Galán-Vidal

PMC · DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering13030274 · Bioengineering · 2026-02-27

## TL;DR

This paper presents a biosensor that can measure both glucose and cholesterol in milk using a single device and machine learning.

## Contribution

A new biosensor design enables simultaneous detection of glucose and cholesterol in milk using artificial neural networks.

## Key findings

- The biosensor showed excellent agreement with the spectrophotometric reference method.
- Linear voltammetry combined with artificial neural networks enabled accurate quantification.
- The device can analyze multiple analytes in a single sample using a screen-printed electrode.

## Abstract

In the present work, a bienzymatic voltammetric biosensor is reported for the simultaneous quantification of glucose and cholesterol in flavored milk samples with a single device. The biosensor is based on a carbon screen printing electrode on which paper disks impregnated with glucose oxidase and cholesterol oxidase, as well as ferricyanide as a mediator, are deposited. Linear voltammetry combined with an artificial neural network methodology were successfully used for the determinations, showing excellent agreement with the spectrophotometric reference method.

## Linked entities

- **Chemicals:** ferricyanide (PubChem CID 439210)

## Full-text entities

- **Chemicals:** ferricyanide (MESH:C007931), carbon (MESH:D002244), Cholesterol (MESH:D002784), Glucose (MESH:D005947)

## Full text

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## Figures

5 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC13024466/full.md

## References

29 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC13024466/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC13024466