# Synthesis of BSA-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Size Control for High-Performance T1 Contrast Agents in Magnetic Resonance Imaging

## TL;DR

Researchers developed a simple method to create ultra-small iron oxide nanoparticles coated with BSA for improved MRI contrast, offering a safer alternative to traditional agents.

## Contribution

A low-cost, non-toxic method for synthesizing size-controlled BSA-coated iron oxide nanoparticles with enhanced T1 contrast performance.

## Key findings

- Nanoparticles with 4.6 nm diameter showed the strongest T1 contrast enhancement.
- The method produced highly uniform and crystalline nanoparticles ranging from 3.7 to 7.9 nm.
- Fe2O3@BSA nanoparticles exhibited low r2/r1 ratios, indicating high T1 contrast efficiency.

## Abstract

The excellent biocompatibility and favorable physicochemical properties of iron oxide nanoparticles have made them attractive candidates for magnetic resonance imaging. However, it remains challenging to synthesize high-performance T1 contrast agents with controlled sizes and biocompatible coating materials. In this study, we demonstrate a simple and environmentally friendly approach for synthesizing ultra-small iron oxide nanoparticles using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a template. Following synthesis, the iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) were oxidized to Fe2O3 via the addition of hydrogen peroxide, which resulted in enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance contrast. The use of BSA not only stabilized the nanoparticles but also enabled precise control over nanoparticle size by adjusting the Fe-to-BSA molar ratio. This method yielded highly uniform and crystalline ultra-small nanoparticles ranging from approximately 3.7 to 7.9 nm in diameter. The T1 contrast performance of the Fe2O3@BSA nanoparticles was evaluated at 3 T magnetic field. Among the synthesized samples, nanoparticles with sizes of 4.6 nm exhibited the strongest T1 contrast enhancement along with low r2/r1 ratios. These features highlight their potential as promising alternatives to gadolinium-based contrast agents. In addition to their superior performance, this synthesis method is low-cost and non-toxic, making it suitable for scalable biomedical applications.